digital batteries

1. Shunt resistance constant load balanced

Every single lithium-ion batteries in parallel on both a shunt resistor. As seen from the circuit, the shunt resistor current must exceed the battery discharge current to reach a balanced load effect. General lithium-ion battery discharge current C/20000 as such, it flows through the shunt resistor on the current use C/200 is more appropriate.

In addition, each effects bias shunt resistance are also important factors affecting the balance. After a number of load cycles of discharge, the difference of a single cell can be determined using the following formula:

V battery voltage shunt type = R × I self-discharge 2 × V × single cell polarization resistance K

If the shunt resistance to 20Ω ± 0.05%, while the gap voltage Laptop battery can be controlled to within 50mV range. The average power of each resistor 0.72W, but whatever the process of loading the battery or the process of discharging the battery, shunt resistor still consume energy.

2. Removed balance shunt resistor

Equilibrium Charge-off shunt resistor shunt with the difference in resistance between the equalizing charge is adding an on-off switch, this button switch can be achieved by the SCM system software can also be done by a simple logic circuit to achieve. Circuits using this control method only charge balanced type a constant voltage phase of work, other times on-off switch is always off, so the discharge of the battery needed, the shunt resistor does not consume valuable energy. In the period lighting, solar energy production, there is a surplus, when a balanced circuit consumes a certain energy to the system power supply to a certain degree of rationality. In the orbit of satellites in low orbit, such a balanced circuit only 10% of working time in order to obtain a balanced effect discussed above, the resistance value is necessary to reduce by 10 times, showing that the peak Thermal power is very large, it is such a circuit the main drawback. In addition, the effectiveness of on-off switch is a fatal failure, it is necessary that the redundancy of resources.

3 Switched-capacitor charge balances 

one can see from the table, sequence switching circuit driver mainly by the clock circuits, which drive multi-channel change the order of closure, the The order of lithium-ion VGP-BPS10 battery access monomer transmission capacitor, by transmitting the imbalance between the energy of a single cell to achieve a balanced application of load. At the same time, by measuring the voltage on the capacitor sent to monitor every single cell voltages. If one cell short circuit fault occurs at low output voltage comparator to switch ban signals, prohibit access to short-circuit the battery to send a single capacitor, to avoid affecting the activities normal cell only alternative to both the constant current constant voltage converter in the battery low voltage alarm, so that constant current constant voltage converter in a single cell to short-circuit conditions to determine the constant voltage correct. The biggest advantage of this circuit is a balanced energy waste is very low, the drawback is that the circuit complex, multi-way switch on resistance state, the upper limit of common mode will affect the achievement a balanced load. On the other hand, the selection of parameters is difficult, a different configuration of power system, the circuit parameters required for detailed design and verification, which is detrimental to the development cycle.

4. step-down converter load equalization

Buck Converter is also a balance of low power charging solution for the rest of the program. It is very good idea, the main circuit is a standard male-type regulator in the inductor energy to add multiple sets of the same sub-windings, for single auxiliary VGP-BPS13 battery charge. Clearly, the low voltage single cell sub-windings more energy, a high voltage to be less energy, so that the aim of achieving a balanced load. To achieve a good balance of effects, sub-windings of the coherence of the need for strict control. However, the consistency of the inductor winding is very difficult to master, so it’s such a control method of a greater disadvantage. This study has just started to load, efficiency, balance of performance, reliability analysis, the need to continue in the study.

5. The average balance of tension load cells

The average balance of cell voltage charging principles as shown, 1 shows only a single cell balance circuit, the only other cell is also equipped with an identical balanced circuit, from which a single battery-powered amplifier.

Such a balanced load control circuit of thought is: single-cell voltage and medium voltage single cell compared to the control power switch to the battery voltage is above the average voltage of segregation unicellular. Therefore, all tension of the single cell balancing under the effect of the circuit tends to power the cell average.

At first glance, this circuit is the open loop control, in fact because of the role of the VGP-BPS11 battery internal resistance, a balanced circuit with negative feedback characteristics in the state closed loop. To prevent discharge circuit of the battery in a time of balanced work, you can reduce the power regulator switching diodes in series, so that the discharge of the battery, the battery voltage is low and the loss of shunt circuit.

The average balance of cell charging voltage circuit model has in-depth study is considered the result of a very good program. This circuit has been included in the LEO orbit lithium-ion battery applications, the preferred program, filed a patent application in France and Europe.

If you need more evidence, energy storage, rather than lithium-ion Laptop battery, let us consider the latest draft of an intelligent network storage utility.

In the Department of Energy announced Tuesday the $ 620 million capital project to stimulate the intelligent network 32, which, with 100 million dollars of private capital. A total € 770 million from government and industry in the coming years, energy is stored, the digital technology to storage, a real-world experience. (See the PDF for more information.)

 (Credit: PG & E Corporation is) excellent in the list to highlight the compressed air energy storage, flow battery, little discussion of these two techniques in a few years ago. In addition, the combination of driving and use of cells, distributed energy storage in the community.

It is unlikely that the U. S. Department of Energy-funded project would be immediately profitable. However, storage has become identified as an important component of the vision of the intelligent network. A technology VGP-BPS8 start-up digital businesses, they hope that the storage group to develop specific applications or weaken the water pump as the most expensive price to the public bank. Pump, pump water, mountain water output to run a generator during peak hours. However, their use is limited geographically.

16 Ministry of Energy grants of Energy on a number of storage and wind energy, which is a variable source of energy. In California, for example, public utilities, Pacific Gas and electricity, energy from wind in the night, the turbines, the more effective is stored in underground caverns. During the day, more than the needs of the grid, the supply air and power generation through turbines.

In the use of underground storage of compressed air is that battery can be inexpensive and the storage time is worth a lot of energy. Forecast PG & E’s Kern County, California, the project generates 300 megawatts of electricity supply 10 hours, sufficient to meet the thousands of families.

Another innovation is the Dell FK890 battery storage and metal cans, compressed air, technical development, a Dartmouth College spin-off SustainX. The compressed air to release the hydraulic motor can run a generator so that power persists.

Flow batteries, now use tanks of liquid electrolyte solution. Communication when the two liquids, it is a chemical reaction to produce electricity.

An advantage of this method is much faster and energy of air, under the Association of storing electricity. A project is the introduction of advanced technology, high quality power supply, semi-trailer is a great use of mobile batteries spectrum of network and electricity supply, was held at the time of high demand.

Different strokes

The variety of technical issues, applications, storage area of energy. Winners of the Beacon Power flywheel can absorb, for example, accept and apply the value of megawatts of VGP-BPS9 electricity grids, but only in 15-minute burst. Flywheel, however, more attention, because they create a plant environmentally friendly substitute for natural gas now used to smooth out short-term fluctuations in the frequency of the network, the company said.

Larger batteries will continue to test storage rack. Duke Energy plans to use several types of batteries and a value of 20 million kilowatts Electricity delivery Notrees Wind Power Project in Texas. ” System “of hybrid battery, two working with the appropriate short-term fluctuations and the value network for hours power provided on the same day, according to representatives of Duke Energy.

Utility Portland General Electric over the next two years, plans five batteries of the battery manufacturer Ener1 to install sufficient power to juice about 400 an hour. Alternatives to lead-carbon batteries, including East Penn Manufacturing, also may be used.

A second project is feasible batteries used cars, experimental grid storage. Lithium ion plug-in car batteries A123 system is used to provide 25 kilowatts of two hours, 20 projects of energy conservation. The performance of lithium-ion battery in the car after years of degradation, but there is still enough capacity and performance of networked applications, utility officials say.

Nickel-cadmium batteries rated voltage is 1.2V, if the batteries are connected together, the tension is comprehensive. Although the series after the voltage-fold increase, but did not increase rated current, but the same Oh, the charging and discharging of the Laptop battery when the strings, but make no mistake to allow the current d exploitation has increased and changed with times of high current to charge the batteries and did not know whether the explosion was, but thermally dissolved cord damage caused by short circuit caused the fire is very possible.

Present Marui electric gun series most of them use the internal structure is similar to the force of springs are also similarities mecabox, in line with the motor leads Marui customized dedicated nickel cadmium batteries to monomers to 7 1.2V 600mAh Packaged in a 8.4 V battery string, the new battery is fully charged, and fired about 1,000 rounds around. However, due to the power of firearms is not high, most firearms will be faithful to the purchase of conversion kits, including a strong spring for a change, make the original reduction the ability to promote the battery, the charge can be fired dozens of saturated fat after electricity to hundreds of hair, or even push the lead current fixed-gear excessive burning fuse, which reduces significantly the autonomy of battery.

For this reason, the faithful of the weapon solution, nothing more than buying a larger VGP-BPS8 battery capacity (eg, 2000mAh), or several batteries in series to compensate for the promotion of capacity gaps regret. This priority of these two methods has drawbacks described below.

1. Strengthening the capacity of

Gun to change the current consumption increased after the firm hope that the battery can be worthy to bear high current and they hoped that electricity could be more than enough to play several rounds of BB, using the battery capacity is best approach. More rated capacity of the battery’s most affordable charge and discharge current as long as the spring does not change too much, they do not Tam drive motor would be too high to damage the battery current, high capacity, so that the gunmen do not have to be carrying some spare batteries, no longer have to play without hair on the weapon has been dismantled to replace the battery problems.

Volume of battery capacity is relatively large to relatively large, the projectiles themselves in a small house is not much room can accommodate batteries of different models of firearms are not the same parts of the battery Bai Zhi, usually within a period not exceeding a fixed stock and protect the old wood, some of the gaps of other children. Up to now be able to plug the VGP-BPS9 battery into a large square was without doubt that certain types of fixed stock of the firearm, 2000mAh battery barely large about the problem is not in the file. As the candles are not in type of firearm, but to transform a large battery in the bag of the battery tied to projectiles themselves outside, directly connecting the wire to the slot, then pull in missiles themselves in a well. Of course, do not throw the appearance of the beauty of ugly destruction of firearms is unavoidable, and heavy batteries Leave arms add to the burden. However, the use of plug-in battery has a good bag, the battery can get a better heat dissipation, more than filled projectiles themselves in a confined within the heat had.

The battery much more than modeling, some AA (size and power near Route 3) ability of nickel-cadmium batteries of about 1000mAh yes, some models of the space allows gun bur if guns that do not change too much for this capacity can also accept it, we do not have a big heavy battery plug.

2. To improve the appearance of the plug in the battery voltage Chouchou too many people can not accept a firearm, hey beautiful area has increased by a large battery Tuo and told people how you can feel bad there. So many fellow travelers in space, where circumstances permit, Buy batteries on their own welding, 8 ~ 10 batteries strung together to provide the higher voltage of 9.6 V or more, in the hope increase the amount of rounds fired.

While the battery capacity to promote the consumption of the engine when the voltage is gradually reduced the resistance increases gradually, the current decreases gradually when the current is low in order to promote the gears and motors can be stopped, the battery residual capacity of a considerable number, the higher the spring more residual capacity. such methods to improve the voltage makes the current flowing in the main engine, an engine less likely because the current PIN code was not strong enough gear down, the residual capacity may be smaller, the stroke in each round a ball on the Multi-injection Yi Fa However, there is a point to note is that the battery capacity and did not increase in series in the capacity of the battery even under the current consumption will increase engine speed increases the speed of bullets fired by Fast (strokes / min) versus the make time available for filming.

Therefore, this approach used only once, you can increase the firing rate and time, and when used in fully automatic fire, playing very fast, but bullets, soon they were completed (all sore right), and replacement of VGP-BPS9/S battery backup of the file. in the game may have the superior firepower to suppress the other side of the shooting, if we continue fighting and bombings to help quickly extinguished, and had a good heroic pay the price.

Small-voltage battery capacity upgrade, of course, there are flashes of light weight and high speed advantages, but also to withstand a higher current, is used to promote the M100 spring (initial speed 100m / s) no questions of life, a stronger spring Ruoyu centered in the interests of the large capacity of the battery lead is the right approach.