digital batteries

Firstly, brief history of the development of mobile battery technology

With 3G networks in the accelerated process of global business, 3G users also appeared to grow substantially. Technically advanced enterprises 3G has a unique appeal, prompting users more often use a variety of multimedia services. Short period of 10 years, only to have a phone call from cells of all functions to be transformed into a variety of functions in one portable device. At the same time, the battery of mobile phones has grown complex and changes.

Early in the era of analog phones, batteries account for almost half the weight of the cell body also totaled 2 / 3 ratio. This undoubtedly affected the portability of cell phones. At that time, the batteries of mobile phones can be divided into three types: batteries nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries, IBM ThinkPad T43 battery  IBM ThinkPad T60 battery.

Nickel-cadmium battery is composed of two plates, one with nickel hardware, and other materials system with cadmium, these two metals in batteries can produce reversible reaction, so that the battery can be recharged. Its greatest feature is firm, and talks long. The first “Big Brother” is the use of nickel-cadmium batteries.

Also known as green nickel-metal hydride batteries, because it contains no metal cadmium, do not pollute the environment. Its power reserve of more than nickel cadmium batteries for more than 30% to 50% of talk time and mobile phone can be extended by 30%.

Lithium-ion battery is a battery of high energy density, which, with the same size nickel-cadmium batteries, the batteries in nickel metal hydride over a larger reserve of power, lighter weight. Lithium-ion battery or a smart battery, it can be a smart charger dedicated to “speak” to achieve the shortest charging times and the highest cycle life and Dell Inspiron 8600 battery  Dell Inspiron 9200 battery capacity.

While mobile phones and small light weight to improve the performance of the development trend of mobile phone battery nickel-cadmium batteries of the transition at the beginning of the main phase of nickel metal hydride-based. With the rapid decline in the cost of lithium batteries, mainstream mobile phones currently on the market have been primarily using lithium-ion battery. Because the lithium Slim secondly, because the lithium batteries have greater capacity, greater density of power output, load faster.

In 2003, the use of lithium up to 90% (about 650 million group of demand) in 2004 increased to 94% (about 758 million group calls). Because there is no strong threat to short-term substitutes, if 2 ~ 3 years, lithium batteries can still maintain its edge in the market for mobile telephony is expected to 2005, the rate of ‘use will increase to 98%.

2, cell phone lithium battery of technological change

Lithium F3172A PB995A batteries for mobile phones mainly in liquid-based lithium-ion batteries, the recent development of lithium-ion cell phone battery should be around two main aspects:

First, the traditional liquid lithium-ion battery materials in positive and negative electrodes, electrolyte improvements. The increasing diversity of functions of mobile phone battery performance right to advance higher standards, has developed a new battery electrode materials will in future lithium-makers ion batteries for some time being competition. Currently, Japan Sanyo, and Sony took advantage of Ni, Co, Mn 3-component materials to produce high-capacity battery 4.4V, while the cathode active material Li (NiCoMn) 1/3O2 Honjo, at Japan, the company was sold, the cost of these materials LiCoO2 is approximately about half, therefore, their application will lithium batteries, especially lithium-Powered Battery to reduce the price of a degree.

Secondly, polymer lithium-ion batteries in cell phones will gradually increase the proportion of applications and will gradually replace the traditional Li-ion batteries, but before the launch of 3G, it is difficult for traditional lithium-ion batteries provide a threat.

Because lithium high energy density-ion battery, the overload condition, the increase in battery temperature, the excess energy, the PA3191U-3BRS PA3285U-2BRS battery internal pressure increases the risk of spontaneous combustion or explosion. Lithium batteries are generally liquid steel or aluminum for packaging, the battery of huge explosions.

In traditional liquid lithium-ion batteries lithium polymer developed from the battery (hereinafter referred to as poly-lithium battery), just be able to catch the performance of non traditional lithium batteries. Firstly, thank you film composite aluminum flexible packaging, as opposed to the hard shell packaging in terms of conventional lithium batteries, is not easy to explode, with more security. Secondly, poly-lithium batteries are lighter, thinner and higher capacity. Thirdly, in principle, poly-lithium battery can be designed in any shape, for cell phones and other mobile devices designed to provide excellent condition. Fourthly, the poly-electrolyte lithium battery using the gel or similar solid material, does not leak, thus reducing pollution.

This polymer lithium-ion battery energy density and load-discharge time, with lithium batteries traditional liquid are basically the same, its benefits are mainly reflected in the size and shape can be arbitrary. Poly-lithium batteries is difficult because of performance and price of ordinary lithium batteries caused by strong shocks, the current poly-lithium batteries accounted for 12% ~ 13% market share. However, as manufacturers continue to join, the price of lithium-polymer continues to decline, polymer lithium-ion battery in the current lithium-ion battery is a matter of time.

1. Elements of a battery option

AGM battery with a low cost advantage of large discharge current, but there is a narrow range of temperature, the VGP-BPS2A battery easy to dehydration and heat control deficiencies and gel batteries are expensive, but it was stable performance, range of temperature, resistance to more than off-load discharge, long life and so on.

As battery electric bike, in most cases, are high current, depth of discharge cycle, therefore, better adapted to use electric bicycle batteries gel batteries. Gel batteries are highly resistant to over-discharge capacity and high electro-hydraulic retention, excessive discharge of the battery to avoid the impact due to dehydration caused by thermal runaway phenomenon of generation of cells.

Rechargeable lead acid batteries of different brands are basically the same characteristics, but because the manufacturers of the formulation of the battery material, electrolyte concentration and content of Deng Jun different charging voltage are also some differences, therefore, strictly speaking, should be based on the manufacturing of batteries given specific requirements for determining the charging voltage of the PA3399U-1BRS battery program, otherwise easily lead to misuse of the battery.

Motor bikes and electric power output of batteries to match the power rating, so in order to prolong battery life, power bicycle motor to the extent possible, the battery is less than the nominal power to avoid the battery at full load or overload of work long-term conditions.

2, the efficient use of battery

The battery used in tandem, if the internal resistance of the battery is incoherent, in the process of loading and unloading the voltage across the battery would be inconsistent with any group that will eventually lead to premature failure of the pile because load. Therefore, electric bicycle, the consistency of the balance of the battery, the battery has a considerable impact. For consumers, fair use, but also on the balance of the consistency of the battery to some extent, affects the battery life. Based on the battery during the years of research and actual use, we recommend consumers to use the following methods of rational use A1060 batteries;

(1) Electric Juji line speed: 20-25km / h.

(2) Riding distance: 10-30km per day, depth of discharge less than or equal to 70% (once every 2 months, deep discharge).

(3) the load frequency: once per day.

(4) Charge: Ride single (which can carry a 10-year-old child under one).

According to the above method, good quality electric bicycles can be made in the normal use of 3-4 years or five years, and can use a battery and a half years or both. The depth of lower depth of discharge of the battery, the life cycle of the battery cycle longer battery life longer. Therefore, consumers are generally regarded as one of a charge cycle is wrong, to make their own use to prolong battery life, we must always leave the battery is fully charged state, a state of an extended power outage, the negative battery vulnerable to salinization, resulting in loss of LCBTP03003 battery capacity, affecting the battery life.

3, the battery maintenance

Qualified electric bike batteries manufactured by the manufacturer of the battery, the battery life and performance to some extent depend on consumer use and maintenance.

(1) Matching and battery charger.

Batteries for electric bikes is a bad charge, rather than harm, we can see the importance of matching chargers and batteries, there are two situations: first, the new charger and battery manufacturers to ensure their own settings do not match, the second is the load device itself, poor quality components, the beginning of use, fairly matched, that the burden of consumers and discharge cycles to use, the charger itself same is due to temperature, aging of components, where the charge voltage and switch current drift, the FK890 battery is damaged.

And manufacturers of electric vehicles recommend that consumers buy the best manufacturers corresponding battery charger, not because of momentary greed expensive rechargeable batteries bad, but not worth the candle.

(2) regular, rapid recovery of electricity.

Consumers in the statement on the use of life cycle is usually nominal, there is a misconception that to recharge a battery, the battery reduces the time, so whenever the consumption of battery power, as voltage protection for the controller began to add electric 31.5V did not know that this does not only fail to protect the battery, but also shorten the battery life. So, remind the majority of consumers, if possible, promptly complete the F4812A battery.

(3) Non-LED displays the voltage, to continue riding. Some consumers in the half-way ride, indicators show the state of tension, after taking a rest and then a way of riding, so much wrong with the battery, the battery will discharge in a serious salinization or generate sticks of lead crystal, so that short-circuit the battery, which affect life expectancy.

(4) electric bike is just beginning, climbing, overloading should try to help.

(5) on the road the rain, they should avoid wetting the switches and connectors to prevent leaks.

More knowledge about battery used lead acid batteries for electric bicycle maintenance and repair has a positive side, thanks to technological improvements, including improved technology to freeze the current cost – effective lead-acid batteries with other batteries of a great advantage over.

In general, lithium-ion battery consists of three parts: lithium-ion protection circuit (PCM), the shell or shell plastic

1. Battery Category

Lithium-ion VGP-BPS10 battery and a cell phone to the situation, generally divided into an external battery and built-in battery, to name a very easy to understand, external battery that is directly installed in the backs of hands, for example: 191 MOTOROLA, SAMSUNG series, etc.; High battery is charging cell phones, but another shell, one in the loop when cell phone batteries, such as: 998.8088 MOTOROLA, NOKIA most models

1. External Battery

External battery pack in the form of ultrasonic welding and loop two kinds:

1.1 Ultrasonic Welding

Shell

Such packages are below the battery casing points, ABS + PC hardware is generally expected, the shell surface treatment injection, in general, the model names: 191 MOTOROLA, SAMSUNG series, the original battery cover long-term use after treatment with injection does not normally wear flowers, and some brands to spend a few days the Dell Inspiron 1300 battery cell or parallel shells began to fall off the fuel injection. The reasons are: the shell of batteries for mobile phones are cheaper, the cost of treatment is usually injected shell several times (good), so that the processing involves three steps: Spray Varnish (land), injection (the formation of color), then light oil spray (the order should be, if I remember correctly), while some manufacturers to reduce the cost of disposing of the proceedings at first and third work order the cost is very low.

The ultrasonic welding presses

His role as follows:

The best of the industry should be made presses ultrasonic welding of the letter Electric Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Kuwait product.

Welding

With good presses ultrasonic welding does not OK if the weld with the equipment and presses Shell welding setup has a lot to the outer shell is made primarily with manufacturers of relevant equipment to nozzle doping situation, while parameter configuration must find their own way for the company because it involves a number of F4486B technical, unable to say more.

1.2 cards Button

The principle of snap-in design of stacks of the lower crust to form the snap-in, which is usually only once, if the card is getting better off the user opened strong, then it can not recover, but it is not important for the manufacturer in terms of difficulty (good map then folded open), and its representative models: Ericsson 788, Motorola V66.

2. Built-in battery

Built-in battery, there are two forms of sealing, ultrasonic welding and packages marked (using the brand will be the battery all packed)

Ultrasonic welding of the battery are mainly: NOKIA 8210,8250,8310,7210 and so on.

The subject of the VGP-BPS9 battery a lot, like the previous two years was MOTO998 Hu, 8088 by.

2. Lithium-ion battery circuit protection (PCM)

Section II of lithium-ion batteries by the knowledge that we can see that the lithium-ion batteries need at least triple the protection —– Over-load protection, over-discharge protection, protection short-circuit, then they should generated a circuit protection, the protection requirements of circuit protection for these three objectives:

Protection against overload: Protection against overload principle IC as follows: When an external charger for lithium battery, when, to avoid a temperature rise caused by increased internal pressure must terminate the charge state. At this stage, the need to test the battery voltage to protect IC when the time comes to 4.25V (assuming that the point of overcharging 4.25V) or start on the protection of burden would cut the MOS power since the opening, closing and the load.

Over-discharge protection: over-protection principle of the landfill IC: To prevent over-lithium batteries discharge, lithium batteries connected to the case load, when the battery voltage is lower lithium the more-developed discharge voltage detection (assumed to be 2.5V) will start over-discharge protection, power MOSFET to cut the discharge passage of the open-ended to avoid battery-phenomenon discharge, and keep the battery low quiescent current in standby mode, currently only 0.1U. When the lithium battery is connected to the charger and the battery voltage lithium is greater than this period of excessive discharge voltage, over-discharge protection is lifted. In addition, taking into account the conditions of discharge pulse, excessive discharge detection circuit with time delay to prevent malfunction.

Over discharge protection and support to protect the IC main manufacturers are: Mitsumi (MITSUMI), Seiko, Taiwan Fu Jing (DW01, FS301, 302), Ricoh, Motorola, packaging, etc. mainly for SOT26, SOT6

Overcurrent and short-circuit current

For unknown reasons (discharge or negative by metallic objects inadvertently) caused by over-current circuit or short, to ensure security, you should immediately cease its discharge. Terms runway Principles of protection against overcurrent IC, when the discharge current is too large or too short occurs, the protection of integrated circuits should start (short circuit) the current protection, over current detection at this time is power MOSFET’s Rds (on) as a sensor monitoring the impedance voltage drop in the case, if the ratio set by the A1060 voltage-current detection is higher when the discharge stopped, the formula is:

V = I × Rds (on) × 2 (V-for over-current detection voltage, I the discharge current).

Suppose V = 0.2V, Rds () = 25mΩ, and protect the current size of I = 4A on.

Similarly, too much time current detection delay should also be provided to prevent current flow generated when there are unexpected failures.

Usually, after the election of overheating if they can remove the excess current factors (such as the charge immediately and out) will resume its normal state, may proceed with the normal load, the discharge action.