digital batteries

1 Overview

Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) VGP-BPS8 VGP-BPS8A VGP-BPS9 batteries contain toxic elements like cadmium, has been the subject of a crusade against the environmentalists of the battery. The European Union and other organizations continue to adopt policies and guidelines (“Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive WEEE and” electrical and electronic equipment on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances Directive “RoHS) but also accelerated by the cell processes in other Ni-Cd battery replacement. Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) cell is the most promising alternative, how to solve the problem of high temperature Ni- MH battery performance is its ability to key in the broader scope. The Ni-MH battery during charge and discharge process, using the environment, is required to participate temperature on performance and battery life issues of service, the military needed a high capacity for mobile energy, aerospace, marine, petroleum, coal, geological exploration and operations, ice and mountain sports on the road with a secondary power source, has a strong strategic, scientific and economic. In addition, the nickel-hydrogen fuel-cell Ni-MH + (mix of energy supply), and the Gasoline + Ni-MH (hybrid), etc. Hybrid also has an important application perspective. VGP-BPS9A/B VGP-BPS9/S

Rechargeable battery in the process of loading and unloading, temperature changes, impact on cell performance, while all the cell materials have some impact on battery performance, however, the battery high temperature improvement and optimization of positive electrode material and negative is a better approach, in addition to a patent disclosure small companies to improve hydrogen storage alloys, mainly due to technical or cathode material, including the cathode material formulation used to add mechanical mixing of rare earth metals, alkaline earth elements and others such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Sc, Y, La, lanthanides, Ti, Zr , Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, P, As, Sb, Bi one or more oxides, hydroxides. As the positive ingredients of different types of materials when the difficult to achieve completely uniform, to consider in the manufacture of nickel hydroxide precipitation when doped with spherical elements, but also consider the ball of nickel hydroxide coated with a layer element. VGP-BPS9/B VGP-BPS9A

Although several methods to improve battery performance at high temperature play a role, there are still many gaps and deficiencies, to solve the main methods of reducing battery performance, first, improve the structure Internal ball nickel, γ-NiOOH prevent hopefully β-NiOOH with β-Ni (OH) 2 during charge and discharge of easy conversion (γ-NiOOH layer spacing of 0.69nm, β-Ni (OH) 2 crystal layer spacing of about 0.46nm, β-crystal layer spacing of about 0.48nm NiOOH, caused by the presence of γ-NiOOH electrode active material expansion of the loss of electrical conductivity decreased, severely reducing cycle life and efficiency of the electrode); Another way is to add conductive material to improve conductivity by adding CoO or Co (OH) 2. However, as a cobalt hydroxide powder raw materials in the process of charging and discharging, while dissolved in an aqueous alkaline solution, while again precipitated, and dramatic structural changes, some free cobalt compounds, resulting in changes in performance degradation of lead batteries cobalt, nickel Although the ball for some improvement in the situation, but not yet strong enough coating layer surface after the dissolution of the landfill and the shedding phenomenon. PA3383U-1BRS PA3395U-1BRS

Functionally graded materials (Officer of graded materials, FGM) is a kind of micro-components, the structure, radical change in the performance of high performance materials. High mechanical strength, thermal shock, resistance to high temperatures and so on. In electronics, artificial teeth, car engines, brakes and other chemicals are widely used. Assuming that the material degraded and the ball will be a combination of nickel production at high temperature trends of the battery cathode material.

2, high temperature technologies nickel-hydrogen Key

2.1, the improvement of cathode material

2.1.1, cathode material mechanical mixture ThinkPad R61e battery ThinkPad R61i battery

Ingredients of the battery by mechanical mixing add the periodic table Ⅱ A, B Ⅲ, Ⅳ B, B Ⅶ, Ⅷ B, B Ⅱ elements of main group elements and 3,4,5-cycle, oxides or hydroxides is able to enhance or improve the performance of Ni-MH high temperature. The world’s leading battery manufacturing company in China authorized by the patent application for more than a description, such as Panasonic, Sanyo, BYD, China, German companies such as HC Staack.

2.1.2 Cathode chemical coprecipitation

The above elements in the cathode material in the production process of spherical nickel hydroxide, using doped layer structure of nickel hydroxide in place of Bu Fen Ni ions form a solid solution, so that better consistency between the elements, around their spherical nickel hydroxide coating layer of cobalt hydroxide, etc., to improve the overall performance of the battery, improved function. ThinkPad T61 battery ThinkPad T61p battery

2.2, improved anode materials

materials Ni-MH battery cathode alloy hydrogen storage, the main components of the M (NiCoMnAl) 5, AB5. M for the rare earths La, Ce, Pr, Nd.

Liu Huafu composition Mm0.95 chemical formula ~ ~ ~ ~ 1.05Ni4.08 4.40Co0.38 0.95Mn0.25 0.399Al0.32 ~ ~ 0.49M0.04 0.999, mm, such as lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, Neodymium rare earth alloy, M as vanadium, bismuth, iron, gallium, zinc, silicon, boron, tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, titanium, lithium, tin, copper and one of two or three or four elements. For the Ni-MH secondary. At high temperatures can quickly charge and discharge capacity of hydrogen storage materials with strong allies. ThinkPad X61 battery ThinkPad X61s battery  40Y6799

“Our R & D vehicle prototype fuel cell hydrogen level, the higher performance can be said that the international advanced level, compared to a leader in the international level, there is a big difference.” Professor Wang Binggang that “it is a more objective evaluation.”Wang is a national clean vehicles Coordinating Action Group leader of the group of experts, the 863 Program,” energy saving and new energy vehicles, “the office of leading experts in projects of ’scale. A1175 MacBook Pro 15 inch battery

“Energy saving and new energy vehicles” office of major project is the Ministry of Science and Hi-Tech Division (863 modern communication technology, office) under the jurisdiction of bodies of project management.

Ultra-billion yuan from the fund of the State Development to help stimulate the domestic manufacturers are scrambling to join the ranks of the hydrogen fuel cell research vehicle.

In addition to SAIC, Chery, etc. in the “Tenth Five-year period” of companies involved in research and development, Foton join too. In addition to SAIC’s field of car hydrogen fuel cell in the passenger area.

The main board short – life of hydrogen fuel cells A1078 A1045 PowerBook G4 15 battery

In hydrogen fuel cell car R & D to Roewe 750 based on the “car fuel cell Shanghai” brand in China has developed the fourth generation of cars to hydrogen fuel cell, China represents the most advanced level. Of its supply system of fuel cells in hydrogen fuel cell Shanghai Vehicle Power System Co., Ltd. Development.

And the third generation fuel cell car “Beyond the Three” from “Shanghai” brand fuel cell sedan vehicle dynamic performance, a more powerful and effective. Acceleration 0-100 km in 19 seconds 15 seconds, a time of hydrogen continues to extend the charging mileage 300 km from 230 km above the maximum speed of 120 km to 150 km. In addition, it is a higher degree of integration, vehicle stability, reliability has also been enhanced.

Similarly, the fourth generation of power systems equipped with Shanghai Volkswagen Passat Passat, Chery Oriental Son has a top speed of up to 150 km, 0-100km acceleration time of less than 15 seconds, filling a gas Hydrogen can travel 300 km, the performance does not differ much with the international advanced level. Sony VGP-BPS2 Sony VGP-BPS2A

In addition, Dongfeng Automobile also entered the field of fuel cell vehicles to hydrogen. In August 2004, Dongfeng Motor and Wuhan University of Technology, in collaboration with the Elysee as a platform, a car developed hydrogen fuel cell – “Chutian One.” It is equipped with a hydrogen fuel cell of 25 kW as the engine, the maximum speed of 103 kilometers, but a shorter distance endurance.

Hydrogen bus fuel cell research and development in early 2002, the Tsinghua University as a unit of lead, with Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Beijing Bus Plant and five other units of the whole group are the National “Tenth Five” 863 Year Plan for Fuel Cell Bus Project City search. Tsinghua University has also made clear to China Beijing Tong Technology Development Co., Ltd, as industrialized carrier.

Currently, the most recent Taiwan bus fuel cell with hydrogen to reach a maximum speed of 90 km / h, a maximum mileage of hydrogenation of 300 km, engine power 100 kW . This is the advanced international level, there is a significant gap. Sony VGP-BPS2B Sony VGP-BPS2C

November 15, 2007, marketing projects in China bus demonstration fuel cell to begin the second phase of bidding to provide Shanghai 3 ~ 6 working condition for the Shanghai Urban Transit bus fuel cell a pilot of two years.

Relevant experts suggest that China has developed a bus fuel cell, the Chinese government has invested a lot of money. Abroad, the high cost of bus fuel cell, to promote the formulation of China policy and the establishment of standards and regulations, the proposed fuel cell buses in China can also be added in the ranks of demonstration runs.

In the engine control technology vehicles, the level of leading domestic and international level despite the differences, but this is not the most important development of hydrogen fuel cells difficult. The key issue lies in the hydrogen and the power of battery life. Sony VGP-BPS8 Sony VGP-BPS8A

Wang Binggang said that the current fuel cell hydrogen internal stability of life is still about 2000 hours, well below the hour international Baqian Qi. Power battery life less than two years, while Japan is 3 to 5 the most advanced years.

It should be noted that multinational companies were involved in vehicle fuel-cell home.

The second approach – in collaboration with the multinational

In 2004, GM and SAIC signed a clean vehicles and strategic energy cooperation framework agreement, both parties reach an agreement: access “Hydrogen III cell vehicle hydrogen fuel from first quarter of 2005 in China, a pilot for two years. General Motors in 2002 introduced “Hydrogen III” as a basis, the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in North America and General Motors German engineering under the direction of a series of integration and the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center will responsible for the vehicle’s future operation and maintenance. sony PCGA-BP2V battery sony PCGA-BP71 battery

In 2001, SAIC Group and General Motors joint venture between China’s Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in Shanghai, with respect to the Buick GL8 presented a prototype vehicle fuel cell called Phoenix.

China 2005 marketing bus fuel cell demonstration project bidding, General Motors, SAIC has supported to participate in the project submission, and provide fuel when the most advanced systems of GM ‘drive cell. Currently, Shanghai Volkswagen Passat also produces cell vehicles to hydrogen fuel, but will participate in transport services during the Beijing Olympics.

Former Vice President of SAIC Wang Ta-General said, because a number of colleges and universities support the program 863, and may not be appropriate to take the latest global technologies to SAIC fuel cell vehicle hydrogen research and development does not rely entirely on 863 plans, in cooperation with multinational corporations are too. VGP-BPL5A VGP-BPS2 VGP-BPS2A

SAIC person who fails to disclose in research and development activities which form of cooperation. However, journalists have learned that domestic firms in the electronic engine control, control technologies for vehicles, both traditional energy sources, or developing new energy vehicles, are cooperation with multinational companies, as Bosch GmbH of Germany to develop technologies for electronic engine control.

The reporter noticed a cooperation agreement with SAIC GM also include “Development of vehicle fuel cell hydrogen from China to contribute to standards and rules,” such provisions. Therefore, do not exclude the use of SAIC-GM vehicle fuel cell with hydrogen on the standard Chinese influence on the determination. VGP-BPS2B VGP-BPS2C VGP-BPS5