digital batteries

“Our R & D vehicle prototype fuel battery hydrogen level, the higher performance can be said that the international advanced level, compared to a leader in the international level, there is a big difference.” Professor Wang Binggang that “it is a more objective evaluation.”Wang is a national clean vehicles Coordinating Action Group leader of the group of experts, the 863 Program,” energy saving and new VGP-BPS9/B VGP-BPS10 energy vehicles, “the office of leading experts in projects of ’scale.

“Energy saving and new energy vehicles” office of major project is the Ministry of Science and Hi-Tech Division (863 modern communication technology, office) under the jurisdiction of bodies of project management.

Ultra-billion yuan from the fund of the State Development to help stimulate the domestic manufacturers are scrambling to join the ranks of the hydrogen fuel battery research vehicle.

In addition to SAIC, Chery, etc. in the “Tenth Five-time” Year of the companies involved in research and development, Foton join too. In addition to SAIC’s field of cars to hydrogen fuel battery in the passenger area.

The main board short – life of hydrogen fuel batteries

In hydrogen fuel battery R & D car to Roewe 750 based on the “car fuel battery Shanghai” brand in China has developed the fourth generation of cars to hydrogen fuel battery, China represents the most advanced level. Of its supply system of fuel PB991A PB992A batteries in hydrogen fuel battery Shanghai Vehicle Power System Co., Ltd. Development.

And third vehicle energy production of batteries “Beyond the Three” from “Shanghai” brand fuel battery sedan vehicle dynamic performance, a more powerful and effective. Acceleration 0-100 km to 19 seconds for 15 seconds, a time of hydrogen continues to extend the charging mileage 300 km from 230 km above the maximum speed of 120 km to 150 km. In addition, it is a higher degree of the integration, vehicle stability, reliability has also been enhanced.

Similarly, the fourth generation of power systems equipped with Shanghai Volkswagen Passat Passat, Chery Oriental Son has a top speed of up to 150 km, 0-100km acceleration time of less than 15 seconds, filling a gas Hydrogen can travel 300 km, the performance does not differ much with the international advanced level.

In addition, Dongfeng Automobile also entered the field of fuel battery vehicles to hydrogen. In August 2004, Dongfeng Motor and Wuhan University of Technology, in collaboration with the Elysee as a platform, a car developed hydrogen fuel D5318 HD438 battery – “Chutian One.” It is equipped with a hydrogen fuel battery of 25 kW as the engine, the maximum speed of 103 kilometers, but a shorter distance endurance.

Hydrogen bus fuel battery research and development in early 2002, the Tsinghua University as a unit of lead, with Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Beijing Bus Plant and five other units of the whole group, the bear National “Tenth-Five” 863 Year Plan for Fuel Battery Bus Project City search. Tsinghua University has also made clear to China Beijing Tong Technology Development Co., Ltd as an industry based carrier.

Currently, the most recent Taiwan bus fuel battery with hydrogen to reach a maximum speed of 90 km / h, a maximum mileage of hydrogenation of 300 km, engine power 100 kW . This is the advanced international level, there is a significant gap. IBM ThinkPad T40 battery  IBM ThinkPad T41 battery

November 15, 2007, marketing projects in China bus demonstration fuel battery to begin the second phase of bidding to provide Shanghai 3 ~ 6 working condition for the Shanghai Urban Transit bus fuel battery one of two pilot years.

Relevant experts suggest that China has developed a bus fuel battery, the Chinese government has invested a lot of money. Abroad, the high cost of bus fuel battery, to promote the formulation of China policy and the establishment of standards and regulations, the proposed fuel-battery cars in China may also be added in the ranks of demonstration runs.

In the engine control technology vehicles, the level of leading domestic and international level despite the differences, but this is not the most important development of hydrogen fuel batteries difficult. The key issue lies in the hydrogen and the power of A1022 A1078 battery life.

Wang Binggang said that the current fuel battery hydrogen internal stability of life is still about 2000 hours, well below the hour international Baqian Qi. Power battery life less than two years, while Japan is 3 to 5 the most advanced years.

It should be noted that multinational companies were involved in vehicle fuel-battery home.

The second approach – in collaboration with the multinational

In 2004, GM and SAIC signed a clean-energy vehicles strategic cooperation framework agreement, both parties reach an agreement: access “Hydrogen III battery vehicle hydrogen fuel from the first quarter of 2005 in China, one of two pilot operation years. General Motors in 2002 introduced “Hydrogen III” as a basis, the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in North America and General Motors German engineering under the direction of a series of integration and the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center will responsible for the vehicle’s future operation and maintenance.

In 2001, SAIC Group and General Motors joint venture between China’s Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in Shanghai, with respect to the Buick GL8 presented a BATBL50L6 LCBTP03003 prototype vehicle fuel battery called Phoenix.

China 2005 marketing bus fuel battery demonstration project bidding, General Motors, SAIC has supported to participate in the project submission, and provide fuel when the most advanced systems-GM training batteries. Currently, Shanghai Volkswagen Passat also produces battery vehicles to hydrogen fuel, but will participate in transport services during the Beijing Olympics.

Former Vice President of SAIC Wang Ta-General said, because a number of colleges and universities support the program 863, and may not be appropriate to give the latest global technologies to SAIC fuel vehicle hydrogen fuel battery research and development does not rely entirely on 863 plans, in cooperation with multinational corporations are too.

SAIC person who fails to disclose in research and development activities which form of cooperation. However, journalists have learned that domestic firms in the electronic engine control, control technologies for vehicles, both traditional energy sources, or developing new energy vehicles, are cooperation with multinational companies, as Bosch GmbH of Germany to develop technologies for electronic engine control.

The reporter noticed a cooperation agreement with SAIC GM also include “Development of vehicle fuel battery hydrogen from China to contribute to standards and rules,” such provisions. Therefore, do not exclude the use of SAIC-GM vehicle fuel PA3591U-1BRS  PA3191U-4BRS battery with hydrogen on the Chinese standard setting influence.

When the constant current into the discharge had finished charging the battery because the battery’s internal resistance voltage drop generated, so the Laptop battery voltage has increased rapidly (A). Since then, the battery began to accept the office , the battery voltage to a lower rate continues to rise. In this context (Beach AB), the electrochemical reaction to generate a certain amount of oxygen in the same time as the same rate of oxygen and the chemical combination of hydrogen, therefore, the battery temperature and internal gas pressure is very low.

Process of loading the battery, composed of oxygen from the oxygen is higher than when the battery internal pressure increases. * The normal pressure inside the battery is about 1 pound force / inch 2. Overload, the rate of charge, the battery internal pressure will soon be in place by the force of 100 pounds / inch 2 or more.

Examine a variety of ways to approach charging nickel-cadmium battery gas production is an important issue. Bubbles gathered at the plate surface of the plate will reduce the surface involved in chemical reactions and increase the resistance of the internal battery. Overload, batteries produce much gas, if not rapidly compounds, the internal pressure of the IBM ThinkPad T43 battery would be increased considerably, which would damage the battery. In addition, the pressure is too large, sealed batteries will open porosity, so that the oven electrolyte. If the electrolyte has continued to make holes through the oven, the viscous nature of the electrolyte increases, the transport of ions between the plates becomes difficult, thus increasing the internal resistance of the battery capacity decrease.

After some time (c), the electrolyte begins to produce air bubbles, these bubbles are gathered on the surface of the plate, so that the effective area of the lower plate, so increases the ‘internal impedance of the battery, the battery voltage began to rise rapidly. This is close to an appropriate electrical signal.

Sufficient power, the rechargeable battery in the battery current is not converted into energy storage, but in the positive potential of oxygen on board Ultra generated. Oxygen is due to the electrolyte resulting from electrolysis is not due to return to the cadmium hydroxide, cadmium generated. Potassium hydroxide and water in the composition of the electrolyte, hydrogen and oxygen ions in oxygen, water and free electrons, the reaction formula

4OH? ↑ O2 → 2 H2O +4 e? Although the oxygen in the electrolyte can quickly produce surface of the negative plate in the electrolyte in the composite, but significantly increased the temperature of the ，Dell Latitude X1 battery. In addition, since the charging current used to produce oxygen, thereby increasing the pressure inside the battery.

Because a large number of hydroxyl ions from that of a small cadmium hydroxide is easier to get out of oxygen, so sharp rise in temperature inside the battery so that battery voltage drops. Therefore, the peak battery voltage curve (point D).

Electrolyte, the generation of oxygen compounds is an exothermic reaction, the battery during overload (point E) and produce oxygen continuously, so that the temperature and pressure inside the battery increases. If you force the exhaust causes the electrolyte to reduce the battery capacity has dropped and damage the battery. If the gas can be quickly discharged, the battery will explode.

Using net low constant current charging, the batteries have a dendrite. These dendrites can spread through the partition between the plates. In the proliferation of more severe cases, the dendrites will be part or all of the short-circuit the hp 346970-001 battery.

Ni-MH battery charging characteristics and nickel-cadmium batteries is similar in both charging voltage, the temperature curve shown in Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3. As can be seen, charge termination, nickel-cadmium battery voltage drop is much larger than the nickel-hydride batteries in metal. When the battery capacity will reach 80% capacity prior to the temperature nickel-cadmium battery rises slowly when the battery capacity reaches 90% after nickel cadmium batteries will soon rise in temperature before. When the battery is fully charged when the base, Ni-Cd / Ni-MH battery is basically the same rate of temperature increase.

Process and method for recharging the rechargeable battery charging process can generally be divided into pre-charge, fast charge, top-up trickle charge into four stages.

Term not used for long or a new battery, the top one on the use of fast-support, it will affect battery life. Thus, the battery should charge a small current load to meet certain conditions, this step is called pre-load.

Fast charge is to use the current pricing stronger, faster recovery of the VGP-BPS9A/B battery power. Fast-charge rate of 1C or, more generally, the fast charging time, the battery capacity and loading rate-determining, cheap polo.

To avoid overcharging, the charger uses a number of low load current. The normal charge nickel-cadmium batteries can accept the charge rate of C/10 or less, so the charging time to over 10 hours. The use of low load current, the battery does not produce too much gas, the battery temperature is too high. As long as the battery charger, receiving the low rate constant-current battery charger will be able to provide a very small net charge current. Rechargeable battery with low current, the heat generated within the battery can be dispersed naturally.

Trickle Charger main problem is charging too slow, for example, with a capacity of 1 Ah battery, using C/10 charge rate, charging time to over 10 hours. In addition, the battery re charge a fill rate is low, when there is a dendrite. In most loader drip, lack of feedback voltage or temperature and therefore can not guarantee that the VGP-BPS9/B battery is fully charged, immediately after the bifurcation charger.

Fast charge constant current charging and pulse charging points are two types of constant current load is a constant current to the load current, the pulse load is the first use of pulsed current to charge the battery. And then let the battery discharge and so on. Great battery pulse amplitude, width very narrow. Usually discharge pulse amplitude for pulse charging 3 times. Although the amplitude of the pulse discharge and battery capacity related, however, with the ratio of current amplitude load remained unchanged.

Loading process, nickel cadmium batteries reduced to nickel hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, cadmium restore. During this process, the bubbles generated, gathered at the plate on both sides, so it will reduce the effective area of the plate, so that the plate resistance increases. Since the effective area of smaller plates, the charge in the full time required to increase capacity.

Join pulse discharge, the bubble left the plate and with the negative plate composed of oxygen. This process reduces the depolarization of the internal pressure of the toshiba PA3191U-4BRS battery temperature and internal resistance. At the same time, most of the charge in the battery is converted into chemical energy rather than gas and heat.

Charge-pulse width of discharge must be chosen to provide the plate to restore the original crystalline structure, thus eliminating the memory effect. Using measures of depolarization of discharge, may improve the efficiency of charge and allows very rapid charging current.

The use of some fast-load only the right, after the end of fast charging, the battery is fully charged. To ensure the recharge to 100% of electricity, but also by adding up the loading process. Complete the charge rate is generally not exceed 0.3c. By completing the charging process, the temperature will continue to increase when the temperature exceeds the limit, the charger into the charge state of maintenance.

Store, nickel cadmium batteries will power the discharge rate of C/30 to C/50 reduced to compensate for battery self-discharge due to the loss of electricity to supplement the charge after the end loader runoff should be transferred automatically to the process of electricity. Trickle charge, also known as maintenance costs. According to the battery self-discharge characteristics of slow loading rates are generally low. While connected to the battery charger and the charger connected to power in maintaining the state of charge, the charger load an additional rate to the battery, it will give the battery is fully charged, the state’s total .

2, focusing on the quality of the installation. The quality of installation, including storage, installation, capacity, and many other aspects of the experiment, so the transportation and storage must be careful not to collide during the installation process should pay attention tandem with the Dell Inspiron 1420 battery of the match between the battery carefully very unequal stakes race. In the extreme tightening of the stack, the force can neither too large nor too small. Will a bunch of very large forces in all loops of copper excess, too small, it follows from the convergence of poor contact with the fuel cell to install the best use of a convoy of supplied power was the key, or in accordance with manufacturers to provide a reference kilogram force, using the appropriate key kg. The facility should also be attentive to DC battery and the screen in each group between the battery positive and cathode, anode and cathode of the length of the line as much as possible to maintain the high discharge current battery, a balance between the two groups.

Must be put into service until the electricity surcharge. The installation of sealed batteries generally dates from the date of manufacture of a longer time, sealing the battery after long-term self-discharge, the significant loss of capacity must be based on a simple float hard to restore its ability origin. In addition, only difference in the size of the battery discharge, resulting in the proportion of the voltage across the battery so there is no balance, is not set service to complement the first, individual cells will be further expanded in the back of the hp PB992A battery or the phenomenon of anti-pole.

3, improving the quality of maintenance

The maintenance staff must fully understand the valve regulated lead acid batteries in the product specification of the requirements under the principle of engaging in maintenance work, improving the quality of maintenance.

⑴ temperature of the battery capacity discharge, life, self-discharge, greater shock resistance and other aspects, although the supply of power switching function with temperature compensation, but its sensitivity and magnitude, after all limited. Therefore, the hall of the battery must be installed in air conditioning and temperature control between 22 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. This not only extends battery life, but also has the best battery capacity.

⑵ once a month should be checked whether the charging device operating parameters under qualified, with or without alarm fault. In any case, the sony VGP-BPS2A battery float voltage must not exceed the manufacturer for a floating charge given, and by changes in temperature, at any time using the factor of voltage regulation of ± 3 mV / ℃ to adjust values of float voltage.

⑶ right valve view of the unbalanced nature of the impact of lead acid batteries must be used to float the lower limit for the floating voltage.

⑷ imbalance in the battery than the depth of discharge after the battery is running in one quarter, should be a balanced approach to supplement the battery. In the equalizing charge should pay attention to changes in environmental temperature and the temperature of the environment, but will decrease the value of balanced voltage settings. For example, if the temperature increases 1 ℃, then the equilibrium value of the charging voltage is necessary to reduce the 3mV.

⑸ try to use free pulse of the way “backwards battery” to charge the batteries to promote the activation and recovery.

⑹ careful maintenance, the valve regulated toshiba PA3191U-4BRS battery before going into production should be carefully recorded each voltage single cell and data on the internal resistance as raw data kept on file for six months for each subsequent performance is required to run the data compare with the original data, if the abnormal situation should be handled promptly.

⑺ must be measured once a month, the battery voltage and the voltage across monomer. Batteries sealed terminal measuring voltage can be in the floating state should be conducted in the state of discharge. Sealed battery voltage terminal to reflect the good working conditions 10 is an important parameter. Floating state, the measurement terminals of the battery voltage, due to the presence of the applied voltage, measure the voltage across the battery could easily lead to false. Although some anti-pole or open-circuit the battery can also measure the normal values (in fact, the applied voltage in the battery caused by the voltage difference at both ends), which is easily lost in the exchange sub electrical substations and power plants caused by the accident. Regularly discharge the voltage across the apple A1012 battery under the state measurement, this is completely avoided.

⑻ To ensure that the battery has sufficient capacity to conduct an annual test of the resilience (that is the great burden of Da-Fang), so that activation of the material inside activation of the battery to restore the battery capacity. The main method is to charge the battery from the machine into the battery pack controlled both ends of the load, while the current resurgence of the battery 0.1 times the rated capacity of each half-hour recording time voltage of the battery until the battery voltage to 1.8V / only (for 2V / only a single battery) or 10.8 V / only (for 12V / only a single battery) after the cessation of discharge, and save time. Put it aside, at 2am, then the same size of current on the battery to charge at constant current, the battery voltage up to 2.35V / only or 14.1V / just to keep the voltage on the load Battery 8am balance is a constant voltage of 2.25V voltage read / only or 13.5 V / only to perform a floating charge. The above method, you can make 80% of battery capacity due to the inclusion of the safe operation of the battery capacity can also be released for 30% to 50%, which should be verified and the discharge curve of the Aspire 3000 battery.

⑼ VRLA battery life is running in the 1 / 2, the need to appropriately increase the frequency of testing, particularly for single 12V battery to increase the test. If the battery internal resistance of a sudden increase in value or voltage instability measure (in particular, to two decimal places) should immediately as a “behind the battery” to carry out an activation treatment.

⑽ on a regular basis to check whether the onset of valve regulated lead acid batteries deformation and abnormal heat, carefully check the safety valves have been around the stain spray in order to determine if the valve Security tightened or damaged.

⑾ Battery capacity alone is not enough, because in need of replacement, only once replaced all, not just performance alone is not enough to replace the sony VGP-BPS5 battery down, otherwise they will be affected by imbalances in the internal resistance of batteries all the band playing drums and shorten the entire group of living cells.

⑿ not only the increase or decrease the number of single charge of battery cells, resulting in the ability of imbalance single battery charge and inconsistency, which reduces battery life. If the whole group as part of the stack to feed others, or the charge is not together with the discharge stack.

⒀ use of technical means to strengthen surveillance, such as the use of batteries on monitoring devices online, real-time monitoring of battery condition of employment. Pairs of substations unattended must also be sent to the central monitoring of information collected, the timely warning unusual processed quickly.

In short, we must attach importance to the maintenance of valve-regulated lead acid batteries, according to the different characteristics of valve regulated lead acid batteries, valve lead acid batteries, which affect a major factor in life and constantly improve the level of maintenance to achieve the goal of improving life in order to improve the sub-stations, power plants and the safe operation of the station level communication.