digital batteries

The importance of recycling used batteries that we have long been understood, however, the dangers of mobile phone Sony VGP-BPS2 Sony VGP-BPS2A battery, but few people know. In fact, with very few people to examine how cell phone used to find “Road Home”. In China, added 1.27 million mobile phones a year late, is a high rate of updates to mobile phones. According to statistics, China has 50% of users of one to two years to replace a cell phone, while nearly 20% of users in less than a year to replace a cell phone, and a considerable number of users to simultaneously use two over the mobile phone battery. A conservative estimate of 90 million mobile phones in China, updated annually, resulting in hundreds of millions of cell phone batteries scrap pieces.

Damage to a battery —

Some data indicate that a cell phone inside the battery contains cadmium can contaminate the 60,000 liters of water, equivalent to three Olympic standard swimming ability. 1000 waste pollution in the batteries of mobile phones with paper mills very low. Cadmium pollution is the pollution of heavy metals, can not be degraded in nature, only to emigrate. In other words, when water or soil contamination, water or soil can be self-purification of leadership will eliminate pollution, while the body of heavy metals bio-accumulate easily. For humans, through the clinical manifestations of chronic poisoning, emphysema, bone changes, anemia and long-term consumption of cadmium-contaminated water and food, can lead to bone pain and disease, cadmium in the body, causing bone leukomalacia skeletal deformities, and the severe form of natural fractures and even death. In addition to cadmium, chargers, lithium batteries inside copper, aluminum, plastics, electrolytes, and not others, a ferrous metal also causes serious environmental damage. A1045 PowerBook G4 15 battery

In May 2004, Huizhou took place two consecutive batteries cadmium poisoning employees of the company, there are more risks of mobile phone battery alarm awakens.

Scrap mobile phone battery in the trash

Reporters for the students of the college, said Yang, the University less than four years, he replaced the phone about 6. “Often, to see the new phone will be before natural selection. Usually thrown in the trash, and some very new phone will be passed the number of distant relatives in rural areas. “He said,” and how far to face a relative unknown, probably cast bar!

Young students on the treatment of waste mobile phones and batteries to be very representative. As the mobile phone recycling campaign battery is not in place not only for their crimes against the people there is no clear understanding of the importance, while the processing of used batteries also have no idea. In cities, many public awareness work done a lot of cases, placement of the battery as this, with the pattern of recent years, opening the market for mobile phones in rural areas, rural mobile phone users lack Knowledge on the battery even more disturbing. Inspiron E1405 battery XPS M140 battery

According to media, discarded batteries of cell phones, chargers, in general, there are three currents: the user easily thrown in the recovery of second hand dealers’ mobile phone, special envoy to the basket. The second hand mobile phone dealers of used batteries, chargers and recycling prices are low, the difference of a few cents, good too, but 23 yuan.

Recovery attempts are still awkward

Increasing emphasis by government on the dangers of cell phone batteries discarded, but the real solution is to set a special little other than try to trash. Recycle Bin does not attempt smooth. Currently, telecom operators, suppliers of telephones, mobile phone batteries and other dealers in the cities have established collection points for batteries of cell phones discarded. In 2007, China Mobile, Motorola, Nokia, co-sponsored by three companies, once had the “Green Box environmental programs – recycling of mobile phones discarded and accessories for joint action” with little effect. In Tianjin, according to local media reports the “Green Box Environmental Protection Scheme” launched in Tianjin, the last two months, the city 50 “green box”, only the collection of used mobile phones 11, the batteries 87, showing that recycling programs in the public mind in general has not left a deep imprint. Inspiron 1720 battery Inspiron 1721 battery

Schools, communities, organizations, companies and other collection points set up regional surprisingly good results, however, collected the battery is not the ultimate means to become a problem. Beijing Technology and Business University College of Communication and Art Young Volunteers Association has organized a recycling of used batteries on campus two days a total of three television box recovered the battery. However, the battery recalls, but because it has no units established to receive voluntary headaches.

The legislative control may be a way out

Due to pollution in China, there is no specific legislation on the battery, the battery of mobile pollution is still not a good solution, management is also a headache.

According to experts, there were only a “waste battery Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy”, which provides that “the battery manufacturers and importers of rechargeable batteries for recycling of wastes should take responsibility, but is just a technical policy of the employing unit, there is not any punitive measures, so in real life, would not achieve its full role in the prevention and control. Therefore, establishing complete waste batteries and other electronic products recycling system requires the supervision of state power of coercion. In domestic enterprises under the supervision of the handling of electronic waste to ensure the recovery process for safe disposal, the use of process equipment advanced, the same policy is also conducive to the mobilization of the enthusiasm for the resumption of business and user awareness improved. Satellite A80 battery Satellite M100 battery

Some foreign mobile battery testing approach certification is learning dollars. The European Union in 2004 launched the “Regulations on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment”, which ROHS certification test is the corresponding raw materials for electronic detection. Including electronic components, the whole composition and the raw materials and other harmful substances, as a series of split testing in practical applications to the production line. The European WEEE directive is clear and to increase electronics recycling and final disposal of the reduced volume of waste development purposes. According to the manufacturers, the provisions are committed to recycling, reuse, and allow consumers to return waste equipment free of charge. These two provisions allow recovery of production and circulation to remove the entire link chain has been effectively controlled. In the neighboring Republic of Korea has formally introduced a similar system.

Environment experts said, for the treatment of batteries discarded cell phones, currently can only hope that people will choose the one hand, cell phone batteries positive option for nickel-hydride batteries metal and lithium-ion batteries, while the other hand, focus on advanced research at an early date on the legislative control of the F4809A F4812A battery polluted.

Photovoltaic solar energy can be divided into two categories: monocrystalline / polycrystalline silicon cells and thin-film Sony VGP-BPS10A Sony VGP-BPS10A/B solar. On August 26, 2009, the State Council executive meeting, due to overcapacity and redundant construction of the polysilicon to be “named.” To replace the polysilicon thin film industry have increasingly high expectations. An exclusive interview with this newspaper on this issue Switzerland Oerlikon Solar CEO Hans Juergen.

China New Energy: As a global leader in thin silicon supplier film photovoltaic production equipment, you can talk to the silicon thin film solar cell panels of the PV market share have experienced a Mody much?

Hans Jurgen: Oerlikon Solar production capacity in the corporate world more than 450 MW installed capacity of Oerlikon customers so far has produced more than 1 million solar panels. Oerlikon amorphous silicon and microcrystalline rolled (micromorph) technology for silicon thin film solar photovoltaic customers in Germany in early 2008, launched the world’s first line micromorph. Therefore, the application of this technology lies in the early development of the market. Cells thin-film silicon solar now represents a market share of the global PV market -8% to 5%. In fact, I am more concerned about is how to put this in the short term has improved rapidly. Latitude D620 battery Latitude D820 battery

China Energy News: no / microcrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells of crystalline silicon solar cells as opposed to what are the benefits? A low conversion rate is the thin film solar cells a major shortcoming, Oerlikon is how to compensate for this it?

Hans Juergen: Firstly, non-/ microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells on the ability to absorb visible light stronger than the crystalline silicon. The same power silicon thin film crystalline solar cells and solar cells over the year as a unit, has more power. Secondly, non-/ thin film microcrystalline silicon solar cell production is silicon prices have little impact, even without its limitations. Its materials are less expensive, lower costs of a large space can be large scale production and promotion. Thirdly, the polysilicon in the refining process necessary to complete the 1100-degree heat, the production process consumes large amounts of energy. Amorphous silicon cells produced in a 200 degrees is a low power technology solar energy. Energy recovery period is short in the production process of the small energy-per-watt of electricity a year and a half to two years back. Satellite A80 battery Satellite M100 battery

The photoelectric conversion efficiency of thin film batteries could be further improved, Oerlikon has laminated to connect micromorph process makes the efficiency of solar cells increased by 50% and improve the total power components, solar photovoltaic manufacturers to provide a key competitive advantage.

China Energy News: So, thin-film solar cells based on the many benefits and Oerlikon technology in thin-film efforts, can we determine the thin-film technology is the future trend of industry of solar energy?

Hans Jurgen: solar cells of crystalline silicon is still the market of solar energy, which represents an important, but because of the advantages of thin film cell solar and their photothermal conversion rates gradually increase, and its development and acquisition dominance in the market is inevitable, just a matter of time.

China Energy News: Your future development of Chinese solar market, what proposals? FRU 92P1141 40Y6799

Hans Juergen: At present, China is the largest solar energy in the world of cell-based manufacturing. But solar cell of China to a large extent dependent on exports. Now that solar panels from China, but also sold to Germany and the United States long-distance market, the large amount of Chinese-made batteries, has also aroused resentment in some countries. China has a huge potential market for the consumer of solar cells, resources, sunny work, low prices, GDP grew faster than the state system, adapted to promote the development of solar energy, industry, these are all Chinese maintain and develop the benefits of the solar market. However, the market for solar energy in the early development of greatly influenced by government policies. The economic development of China, will lead to market development of solar energy in China, but the government should also be introduced as soon as possible grid solar power plant construction and access standards, should also be introduced, such that the price of photovoltaic electricity production and fiscal policies to promote. In order to grow in the domestic solar market.

As the development of solar energy market, the independent innovation of China in the field of solar energy capacity will be strengthened. Once the solar photovoltaic power to ignore the extent of the market of solar energy, policy guidance, staff training, technological innovation and other issues will be resolved. Of course, the development of smart grids, solar power plants for the production of solar and roof are integrated into the power grid is also the key to market development of solar energy. The rapid growth of China’s electricity demand, solar power to sell the channels is smooth and can affect many initiatives of the parties. hp Pavilion DV1000 battery  hp Pavilion dv4000 battery

Major polysilicon solar cells in the world of commodities, even if China became the world’s largest producer of solar cells, but a long period of polycrystalline silicon heavily dependent on high cost imported from abroad, manufacturers of household solar cells to earn only modest processing fee. Sony VGP-BPS2 Sony VGP-BPS2A

Recent years, with LDK Solar, Sichuan Xinguang a number of companies such as the introduction of foreign technology, have launched the polysilicon, self-sufficient rate of raw material polysilicon China has been improved. However, as technology and process control is not yet in place, costs of production of polysilicon in China of high energy consumption and has become the solar photovoltaic industry in China in the development of ‘a “flawed”, appears stronger step by step to maintain the polycrystalline silicon industry in China, facing the “destruction” of the dangerous.

Single-energy plant in Nanchang equals 1 / 4

In the current domestic production of polycrystalline silicon business to come from behind K LD LDK PV Silicon Technology Co., Ltd in the production of polycrystalline silicon, investment called “big ticket” items, the information already made public view, 1 .5 million tons of nominal capacity is currently the largest single plant capacity. Inspiron 1720 battery Inspiron 1721 battery

This major project is located in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, Jinan International Development and Science based photovoltaic technology, covers an area of 1.162 million square meters, annual production of 3,000 tonnes of five electronic online production of quality polysilicon comprising the popular use of international news “improved Siemens Law” producing polycrystalline silicon materials. Project in September 2007 began the construction of the second half of the production process in 2009.

The production of polycrystalline silicon with high energy consumption, including most of the power consumption. According to Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau Savi produce 15,000 tons of polysilicon project approved, the project is put into production, annual consumption of diesel is about 209,000 tons, the annual two months of 3.2 billion kWh of electricity, only the consumption power plant is equivalent to the total electricity consumption in Nanchang 1 / 4 ’s, does not plant the living energy, the production of consumption total energy per kilogram of polysilicon to 213 kWh. A1175 MacBook Pro 15 inch battery

Energy giant as a number of SMEs in the production of polycrystalline silicon on the higher energy consumption. Shijiazhuang Dongming Silicon Technology Co., Ltd. in December last year, the production company of polysilicon, the annual production of 200 tonnes. According to the office of the society, said Zhang Xin, director of the investment firm is a company of leather, mainly to see the industry make money, they buy a company of Luoyang, Henan province Siemens France improved technology, began in July last year, day and night to catch up with advances in less than half of production. Currently, companies producing polysilicon 18 tons per month, the electricity consumption of 3.5 million yuan to 0.5 yuan per kilowatt per month, 7 million kWh of consumption, production and energy consumption per kilogram of polysilicon to 389 kWh.

All energy recovery two to three years

Such high energy consumption, make the development of this industry should be limited to even prohibit development? In fact, the same high energy-consuming industries and China’s iron and steel, electrolytic aluminum, has compared the two industries, the production of polycrystalline silicon for the energy consumption per unit output value is lower than steel and aluminum. Satellite A80 battery Satellite M100 battery

CPPCC member and president of Nanchang University School of weeks photovoltaic Lang has been specifically measured, despite the production of energy consumption per ton of polysilicon as steel and aluminum, but much higher than the price of polysilicon per tonne of steel and electrolytic aluminum, even if the price of polysilicon from a peak of U.S. $ 400 per kilogram has fallen to its current level of about $ 70 U.S., consumption energy per unit of polysilicon output value is always less than steel and aluminum.

From polycrystalline silicon for solar photovoltaic modules produce electricity, the power consumption of the whole process, according to control Suntech Power Co., Ltd., and Professor Zhou Lang has calculated that the average light conditions in our region, the installation of one megawatt solar power system V, the annual production of approximately 120 million kilowatt hours, and 1 watt of silicon solar cell integrated power system production facility 3 kwh under the terms of megawatts of solar photovoltaic power generation system was installed to produce three million kwh, only 2.5 years can be recovered balance its own power. As each level of the difference in energy companies, domestic solar polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic power generation system, the average payback period for installation of energy between two to three years. With low energy consumption, the payback period will be further reduced. ThinkPad R50 battery ThinkPad R51 battery

Currently, domestic production of solar modules around the life of 25 years, as calculated to produce the solar component in achieving the production of recovered energy, almost need to consume more electricity can power about 22 years, and there are no emissions. In fact, even 25 years later, the efficiency of solar module production there about 25 years to 80% may still be used for a long period of time. ZHOU Lang said: “Our country has the will of the international community in 2020 emissions of carbon dioxide per unit of GDP in 2005 dropped by 40% compared to -45%, non-accounts of the fossil energy for the proportion of primary energy consumption has reached about 15%. Among these, after the wind electricity from nuclear power after the general development of the production of photovoltaic solar energy will open at spring development. ”

Saving Imperative

Although the view recovery cycle, production of polycrystalline silicon solar cell module of electricity consumed can be recovered in 2023. However, China’s production of polycrystalline silicon consumption per unit of energy is much higher than the world advanced level, which is also our polysilicon production costs are much higher than the world advanced level, once the world’s highest level for the seven main groups of price reductions abroad collective, our existing production of polysilicon companies will face huge losses, the industry polysilicon China, there will be danger of destruction. F4812A HSTNN-lB31

Zhou Lang explained that at present abroad, seven manufacturers of major producers of polysilicon overall consumption of energy per kilogram of polysilicon -150 kWh 120 kWh between the two, and our average level of business manufacture of polysilicon over 200 kWh, and many small factories and even the level of more than 300 billion kwh. Production costs of polysilicon, the energy is precisely the most important, China’s production status of polysilicon high energy consumption, resulting in production of polycrystalline silicon internal costs are much higher than in the world advanced level.

Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. Sun, general manager of Jiangxi Peng said, at present, the international market price of U.S. $ 60 on the polysilicon -70 U.S. dollars, local businesses to produce a pound of silicon cost polycrystalline -50 U.S. $ 40 dollars more in between, overseas and seven major polysilicon cost of manufacturing firms U.S. $ 20 -30 dollars. Once the seven major groups of overseas prices lower collective enterprises producing polycrystalline silicon in China will face bankruptcy. Aspire 3000 battery LCBTP03003

In addition, the polysilicon industry, are capital-intensive industries, a huge investment, higher rates of corporate assets and liabilities. For LDK Solar LDK Solar Co., Ltd. silicon technology projects a yearly production of 15,000 tonnes of polysilicon, for example, total investment of over 10.0 billion euros, with investment of just over 100 million yuan in environmental protection. From the journalist who interviewed a number of companies photovoltaic comprehensive estimates of the polycrystalline silicon industry assets-liabilities ratio averaged over 60%, once a bankrupt company, the banks will bear the losses enormous loan.

For the high energy of the polycrystalline silicon industry in China, the industry there is a crisis of the status quo, Zhou Long, Peng professionals in these proposals, the state should take measures to encourage businesses, research institutes, such as the production of polysilicon and reduce the consumption of a joint scientific research and encourage enterprises from sales revenue to extract a greater proportion of R & D spending, set production and reducing consumption of technical and technological improvements. 402018-001 371790-001