Recent years, with LDK Solar, Sichuan Xinguang a number of companies such as the introduction of foreign technology, have launched the polysilicon, self-sufficient rate of raw material polysilicon China has been improved. However, as technology and process control is not yet in place, costs of production of polysilicon in China of high energy consumption and has become the solar photovoltaic industry in China in the development of ‘a “flawed”, appears stronger step by step to maintain the polycrystalline silicon industry in China, facing the “destruction” of the dangerous.

Single-energy plant in Nanchang equals 1 / 4

In the current domestic production of polycrystalline silicon business to come from behind K LD LDK PV Silicon Technology Co., Ltd in the production of polycrystalline silicon, investment called “big ticket” items, the information already made public view, 1 .5 million tons of nominal capacity is currently the largest single plant capacity. Inspiron 1720 battery Inspiron 1721 battery

This major project is located in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province, Jinan International Development and Science based photovoltaic technology, covers an area of 1.162 million square meters, annual production of 3,000 tonnes of five electronic online production of quality polysilicon comprising the popular use of international news “improved Siemens Law” producing polycrystalline silicon materials. Project in September 2007 began the construction of the second half of the production process in 2009.

The production of polycrystalline silicon with high energy consumption, including most of the power consumption. According to Jiangxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau Savi produce 15,000 tons of polysilicon project approved, the project is put into production, annual consumption of diesel is about 209,000 tons, the annual two months of 3.2 billion kWh of electricity, only the consumption power plant is equivalent to the total electricity consumption in Nanchang 1 / 4 ’s, does not plant the living energy, the production of consumption total energy per kilogram of polysilicon to 213 kWh. A1175 MacBook Pro 15 inch battery

Energy giant as a number of SMEs in the production of polycrystalline silicon on the higher energy consumption. Shijiazhuang Dongming Silicon Technology Co., Ltd. in December last year, the production company of polysilicon, the annual production of 200 tonnes. According to the office of the society, said Zhang Xin, director of the investment firm is a company of leather, mainly to see the industry make money, they buy a company of Luoyang, Henan province Siemens France improved technology, began in July last year, day and night to catch up with advances in less than half of production. Currently, companies producing polysilicon 18 tons per month, the electricity consumption of 3.5 million yuan to 0.5 yuan per kilowatt per month, 7 million kWh of consumption, production and energy consumption per kilogram of polysilicon to 389 kWh.

All energy recovery two to three years

Such high energy consumption, make the development of this industry should be limited to even prohibit development? In fact, the same high energy-consuming industries and China’s iron and steel, electrolytic aluminum, has compared the two industries, the production of polycrystalline silicon for the energy consumption per unit output value is lower than steel and aluminum. Satellite A80 battery Satellite M100 battery

CPPCC member and president of Nanchang University School of weeks photovoltaic Lang has been specifically measured, despite the production of energy consumption per ton of polysilicon as steel and aluminum, but much higher than the price of polysilicon per tonne of steel and electrolytic aluminum, even if the price of polysilicon from a peak of U.S. $ 400 per kilogram has fallen to its current level of about $ 70 U.S., consumption energy per unit of polysilicon output value is always less than steel and aluminum.

From polycrystalline silicon for solar photovoltaic modules produce electricity, the power consumption of the whole process, according to control Suntech Power Co., Ltd., and Professor Zhou Lang has calculated that the average light conditions in our region, the installation of one megawatt solar power system V, the annual production of approximately 120 million kilowatt hours, and 1 watt of silicon solar cell integrated power system production facility 3 kwh under the terms of megawatts of solar photovoltaic power generation system was installed to produce three million kwh, only 2.5 years can be recovered balance its own power. As each level of the difference in energy companies, domestic solar polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic power generation system, the average payback period for installation of energy between two to three years. With low energy consumption, the payback period will be further reduced. ThinkPad R50 battery ThinkPad R51 battery

Currently, domestic production of solar modules around the life of 25 years, as calculated to produce the solar component in achieving the production of recovered energy, almost need to consume more electricity can power about 22 years, and there are no emissions. In fact, even 25 years later, the efficiency of solar module production there about 25 years to 80% may still be used for a long period of time. ZHOU Lang said: “Our country has the will of the international community in 2020 emissions of carbon dioxide per unit of GDP in 2005 dropped by 40% compared to -45%, non-accounts of the fossil energy for the proportion of primary energy consumption has reached about 15%. Among these, after the wind electricity from nuclear power after the general development of the production of photovoltaic solar energy will open at spring development. ”

Saving Imperative

Although the view recovery cycle, production of polycrystalline silicon solar cell module of electricity consumed can be recovered in 2023. However, China’s production of polycrystalline silicon consumption per unit of energy is much higher than the world advanced level, which is also our polysilicon production costs are much higher than the world advanced level, once the world’s highest level for the seven main groups of price reductions abroad collective, our existing production of polysilicon companies will face huge losses, the industry polysilicon China, there will be danger of destruction. F4812A HSTNN-lB31

Zhou Lang explained that at present abroad, seven manufacturers of major producers of polysilicon overall consumption of energy per kilogram of polysilicon -150 kWh 120 kWh between the two, and our average level of business manufacture of polysilicon over 200 kWh, and many small factories and even the level of more than 300 billion kwh. Production costs of polysilicon, the energy is precisely the most important, China’s production status of polysilicon high energy consumption, resulting in production of polycrystalline silicon internal costs are much higher than in the world advanced level.

Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd. Sun, general manager of Jiangxi Peng said, at present, the international market price of U.S. $ 60 on the polysilicon -70 U.S. dollars, local businesses to produce a pound of silicon cost polycrystalline -50 U.S. $ 40 dollars more in between, overseas and seven major polysilicon cost of manufacturing firms U.S. $ 20 -30 dollars. Once the seven major groups of overseas prices lower collective enterprises producing polycrystalline silicon in China will face bankruptcy. Aspire 3000 battery LCBTP03003

In addition, the polysilicon industry, are capital-intensive industries, a huge investment, higher rates of corporate assets and liabilities. For LDK Solar LDK Solar Co., Ltd. silicon technology projects a yearly production of 15,000 tonnes of polysilicon, for example, total investment of over 10.0 billion euros, with investment of just over 100 million yuan in environmental protection. From the journalist who interviewed a number of companies photovoltaic comprehensive estimates of the polycrystalline silicon industry assets-liabilities ratio averaged over 60%, once a bankrupt company, the banks will bear the losses enormous loan.

For the high energy of the polycrystalline silicon industry in China, the industry there is a crisis of the status quo, Zhou Long, Peng professionals in these proposals, the state should take measures to encourage businesses, research institutes, such as the production of polysilicon and reduce the consumption of a joint scientific research and encourage enterprises from sales revenue to extract a greater proportion of R & D spending, set production and reducing consumption of technical and technological improvements. 402018-001 371790-001

Beijing Institute of Technology, an electric car expert said, a very important reason is that production of the 40Y6797 battery has not yet industrialized, there is a lot of batteries or a hand, small production, and therefore difficult to ensure the quality and unity. At the same time, users still have a lot of battery to use inappropriate need for more guidance.

Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, one expert said that the life of the current mileage is not enough battery electric cars at low speed using the scope is limited. At the same time, although some argue that the majority of electric vehicles can use the family 220V load voltage, but the actual operating point of view, usually filled with a Dell Latitude X1 battery lasts 10 hours or so, so long cooldown is neither convenient nor practical to use for this building Fast Chargers needed.

Charging station is difficult to achieve large-scale construction of

Improved facilities at the loading station of the electric vehicle is the key to the promotion scale. National Grid is currently pricing of infrastructure has accelerated the pace, Zhengzhou and Wuhan, a small number of charging stations and other places have been commissioned, but because of the high cost of station construction load, uniform standards for Jianzhan missing, investors are not clear and the relevant government departments to coordinate the hp F3172A battery large-scale construction makes the charging station in the short term is unrealistic.

“In fact, the current total capacity of electricity generation to meet domestic electricity demand electric vehicles, shortages of electricity does not exist, the key is that the feeding stations many The lack of capacity of storage, a large number of peaks and valleys are the loss of electricity. In addition, coal remains the major current sources of national electricity production, this sony VGP-BPS2 battery is not conducive to environmental protection, the State must increase investment in wind energy and nuclear power. “Beijing University of Technology, an electric car expert said.

In addition, construction of facilities so as to take charge of standards that must be resolved. China Lithium-standard system battery power ion drafting group of a person in charge, how to ensure that the construction of fast-charging toshiba PA3399U-2BRS battery charging station is key to ensuring the charging station can buses, taxis and private cars are able to apply, just as importantly, the technical level, there are some difficulties.

F3DM electricity as fuel costs ordinary vehicle 1 / 6

BYD dual-mode electric vehicles can be buttons F3DM in pure electric (EV) and hybrid (HEV) to switch between two modes. Holder of the battery life of iron in pure electric mode to achieve mileage of 100 kilometers with a total mileage of more than 600,000 miles lifetime of the vehicle to a maximum target of 10 years. Regarding power, BYD DM electric vehicle equipped with dual-mode power up 50kW / L power hair aluminum engine with 75kW, the apple A1061 battery power output reaches 125kW. In carrying load, BYD dual-mode electric vehicle can reach the office of professional equipment fast 10 minutes filled with 50% of the ordinary household socket can be used while charging, 7 hours can be fully charged.

Currently, the two official offers F3DM mode electric vehicles from 14.98 million yuan, according to a state of pure electric load, F3DM dual-mode electric car 100 kilometers of pure electric consumption is 16 degrees (data advertising works), according to Peking current 0.48 yuan / kWh electricity and travel 20,000 kilometers per year calculated at 1536 yuan per year for electricity.

Ordinary F3 1.6 Sheng automatic version of the official bid 798 million, more than double F3DM vehicle’s electrical yuan less than 70 miles. Its Aspire 3000 battery fuel consumption is about 8 liters per 100 kilometers, according to an annual mileage of 20,000 kilometers and the No. 93 Beijing oil 5.56 yuan per liter, to calculate the cost of fuel a year to 8896 yuan, F3DM for nearly six times the dual-mode vehicles. About the use of new and more than a year and a half, two-vehicle electric car can recover more than the cost.

Prius 8 years to recoup the cost of

FAW Toyota Prius production hybrid, using battery-powered engine, do not need to recharge. Its effective use in the process of around 100 km fuel consumption average of about 5 liters displacement of 1.5 liters, but with the HSTNN-LB31 battery, power output roughly equivalent to conventional gasoline 2.0 The dynamic performance model.

Under an annual mileage of 20,000 kilometers and Beijing, 97 to calculate the price of oil, the Prius oil per year for the sum of 5920 yuan, while the low standard with the Prius is currently the official target price is 259, 8 miles yuan.

Link to a substantial 2.0-liter model powered by a fuel consumption of 12 liters integrated by calculating hundreds of kilometers, the annual fee required for oil to 12,000 yuan, but the market is the 2.0L integrate models, with a unit for the Toyota Camry 200G Deluxe Edition (non-minimum distribution) price of only 209.8 thousand yuan.

In other words, the Prius 6080 yuan per year savings in fuel costs, but the car that the Camry is about the cost has increased by 5 million euros, which was part of the cost of an extra car in the car after more than eight years by the cost savings to recover the oil.

Lifan 320 electricity bill of about 1536 yuan per year

Lifan 320 electric vehicles (EV) is motor vehicle Lifan energy of a new prime.

Lifan 320 (EV) on a single charge life mileage will reach 150 miles high, the road conditions are also integrated over 100 km. 0-50 km / hour h in 6 seconds or less, even with a 100 km / h maximum speed drive 30 minutes later, the speed still at 75 km / hour or more.

The distance of the unit energy consumption was about 0.16 kWh per mile, according to Peking current 0.48 yuan / kWh of electricity and traveling 20,000 kilometers per year calculated at 1536 yuan per year for electricity .

Greater endurance Chery S18 150 km

Currently, Chery S18 electric vehicles has been out of the factory, but not yet recorded, according to published by manufacturers of parameters, its speed can reach 120 km / h, a rechargeable Dell GK479 battery life can reach 120 km Mileage -150 km.

Chery S18 vehicle electric vehicles in the S18 platform, developed on a high-speed pure electric cars may be used for 220V civil charge, charging time is typically 4-6 hours, and also be used for fast charging, a half-hour rechargeable battery 80%.

Laptop battery capacity after repeated loading secondary discharge will decline, its causes are complex and diverse, not only after repeated accusation, the discharge capacity will decrease, even long not to use, have the same problem of declining hardware capacity, rather than the charge and repeated the battery is discharged more easily damaged, because the battery is the use of chemicals from the chemical energy into electrical energy products, chemicals to maintain their regular activity and only less than a deterioration of failure, when the original activity of two compounds role of the end or nearly out of season, and will not be able to perform chemical reactions, this time the decrease battery capacity, that is, the cells are already gone, the battery must declare died.

Volume decline over time tends to happen when?

A good quality of the secondary battery, the continuous load and discharge over 500 times the capacity can reach over 70% even higher, but the decay rate of the IBM FRU 92P1141 battery capacity, plus good or bad depends on the battery cell, based on the battery yet to match the user the use, storage, temperature, remarkable degrees to prolong battery life.

Indeed, although marked as secondary batteries can be reused, but he still has his life there, so laptop battery, for example, the ability to label 4000MAH, but after the charge and discharge its capacity will be successively reduced by one year after the building are more likely to fall into the 3300mAh below, it is a normal phenomenon of secondary batteries, but can also see this problem is actually continues until that the battery technology, the use of both the meaning of love using a usually short period of time, and when using the battery Time is Running Free When this time to replace the battery.

What is a voltage difference?

Many Li-degradation capacity of ion Dell U4873 battery or failure due to a series within the battery due to voltage difference generated, resulting in cell battery produced the gap between tension can be avoided, because each battery string of battery cells nature can not be exactly the same, with a long time, there are some features of the natural and poor battery before aging, affecting the curve general discharge. It is with gratitude that the aging cell batteries have been the first full charge and discharge has also finished first place, but this time the ability of cells to the other battery is not fully utilized exhausted.

For example: load, others charge the battery kernel boot approaching saturation when the voltage is 4.2 V, while the aging of the battery cell may have been grateful to 4.3 V or a voltage even higher, causing an overload of electrical cords and other costs dissatisfied; discharge, when the strings are always large voltage range of work that is already grateful old battery or battery is already below the normal operating voltage , 3.0V, resulting in a unique string of low voltage protection, forming the hp PP2182D battery to discharge faster.

What is battery aging?

The aging self-styled drums, which, as the increased frequency of use and time, or long-term investment, leading to the capacity of the storage battery, the progressive deterioration, when battery is only one, the batteries, they will build the capacity reduction, while the group of battery Multi-core set-batteries in parallel, they generate all the associated voltage difference, this time the user is most likely aware, the battery is also clearly shown that over 50%, how suddenly dropped below 10%, and even non – normal shutdown, resulting from the use of time, simply said: 『aging the battery is a decrease in battery capacity 』.

Aging of the battery cell internal battery do what needs to be changed?

The aging batteries, the most frequently observed is the easiest to detect is the change in resistance, the internal resistance of the sony VGP-BPS2 battery when the nucleus is very small factory, but the charge and discharge over a long period, because of electrolyte in the battery, and a swimming pool in electronic activity of chemicals in the lower internal resistance of the whole because of increased electrolyte will gradually repeated load variability of discharge, the resistance will continue increase until the resistance as large as the power of the internal battery is not properly released, a common phenomenon is the mouth of the battery, this time, the battery is the so-called aging and capacity battery will decrease with respect, most of the aging of the battery is because the resistance has been caused in the cause can not be used.

Change of battery internal resistance include the following:

Changes in the cathode materials

The molecular structure of the battery, the positive and negative electrodes can hold rainfall on the hole structure of chemical molecules will gradually with the number of loading and unloading of collapse. Blocking, which is positive and negative active materials, passive, there may even be negative materials are polarized phenomenon, reduces the toshiba PA3383U-1BRS battery charge-discharge process can be free to move the number of ions.

Catalyst for Change

A catalytic role in the molecular structure of the catalyst, due to temperature, humidity, storage time, gradually changing its structure and nature of the final can not be catalytic.

Electrolyte metamorphic

Electrolyte because of the battery after charging and discharging several times, but it was bad, and even the loss, the low quality of basic battery is easier because the composition of the electrolyte under the control of undesirable while the faster deterioration.

Conclusion:

Again, the apple A1185 battery itself as a kind of oral consumption, with the increase in the number used in the battery charge storage capacity, the successive reduction of life cycle support of about 500 times more than the estimates of the time, if the first few days of use, between about 1-2 years we should move to a new battery a.

But for the laptop. The battery is expensive consumables, many people would say that I try to use less battery, or simply do not need batteries, so there is no life cycle of battery problem, but in fact, a This concept is not always the case is correct, the number of batteries affect the battery life conditions, but not the key, because, as mentioned in this article, the battery’s chemical energy of products will evolve with the passage of time, but to reduce its activity, stood not the same because of self-discharge and lead to an excessive discharge, and loss of activity and damage to the canal, so carefully When you pay attention to your battery at the same time, remember the proper use of batteries, but also the Aspire 3000 battery charge and discharge on a regular basis, so your battery to play a greater efficiency.