digital batteries

1 Introduction

With the power supply and distribution, communications, industry, telecommunications and development of electric vehicles, has also led to its full power – industrial development of the battery and technological progress and innovation. As the lead-acid F3172A PB995A 338794-001 battery in a cost-effective, so that the current domestic market and abroad, and more portable electronic devices for electric vehicles, UPS systems, telecommunications (telecommunications centers, earth stations) , diesel, automotive powerhouse, substation, emergency power, shipping and light areas without electricity projects such as energy supply energy storage is used by over 95% of lead-acid batteries. Lead acid batteries in 2005 was 66.45 million KVA output, total output value of 350 billion yuan, total production in 2006 totaled 84.57 million KVA, with a total of 420 billion yuan or one third of the value of the total production of the battery industry left and right (data from the two power board in Jiangsu Corporation consultants Jingming Dai).

Different models, different environmental conditions using the battery life of design is also different. As determined battery exhaust lead-acid at 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, under the floating charge to use the life expectancy of 15 years VRLA lead acid batteries used in a load of floating of his life in 5-10 years; traction type (dynamic type) exhaust the life of lead-acid 361742-001 371785-001 417066-001 battery is 1500 cycles, the type of power of the VRLA battery life lead-acid is 700 per cent electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric tricycles support for both lead-acid battery life of only about 350 weeks, or years, corresponding to the car ignition, lighting, start with the general life VRLA lead-acid battery is 3 to 5 years, so the repair lead-acid market share in the farm to the bigger, the frequency of use, the most widely used, life expectancy was short and prone to early failure of lead-acid battery is the main object. Prone to early failure of these batteries may resubmit its use after the repair, so the extended life battery, an environmentally friendly energy saving purposes.

2, the main reason for premature failure of lead acid batteries

The main reason for premature failure of lead acid batteries is:

(1) of the lead-acid battery manufacturing their own quality and quality problems;

(2) and the corresponding lead-acid battery charging equipment (charger) to recharge the battery and the mode is not the problem; 346970-001 367759-001 F2024A

If the lead-acid battery charging and load (loader) does not match the high charging voltage charging time is too long will lead to electrolyte (sulfuric acid solution) in the accelerated decomposition of water to produce hydrogen, oxygen within the battery can be fully composite This accelerates water loss from the battery, and increased electrode corrosion, accelerated aging and premature aging of the emergence of batteries.

(3) users of lead-acid batteries can not use the maintenance requirements of the battery in accordance with the use and maintenance of batteries; F2024B F4486B F4809A

If excessive use of lead-acid battery will be discovered, a positive plate of lead dioxide particles in the degradation of the bridge driver, will lose some of the contacts between particles of lead dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and particles between network of contacts, which means the single particle is not involved in the electrochemical reaction, weaken the strength of the active substance, the possibility of falling increases. Excessive use (more discharge) would be negative active material in the loss of blowing agent because of the effects of oxidation and increase the irreversible formation of sulfate crystallization. Often, over-utilization (the exercise) will result in loss of activity of active substances premature conversion of active material during charging weakening, leading to accelerated capacity fading of lead acid batteries and emergence of early failure. F4812A HSTNN-lB31 PB991A

(4) Defeated, falling, collision damage caused by the plastic housing of the battery can cause very serious damage to the inner ear and the plate so that the battery is completely ineffective, a premature retirement.

3, the failure of the repair of lead-acid battery

Not all failures lead-acid battery can be repaired, such as the emergence of short-circuit and open the battery, a battery very serious off-board active material, plates were seriously damaged, severely deformed drums, plastic housing of the battery, a serious distortion and serious breaches of the battery and the plastic housing of the battery to drain down the battery of large surface can be repaired. Therefore, repair of lead-acid battery is a serious failure due to water loss, the active electrode material breach sulphate battery, as well as for repair, blows, falls and Other causes of upper battery shell cracks and leaks appear weak cause failure of the battery, that is, minor structural failure of the battery. Therefore, repair of lead-acid battery can be divided on the failure of the electrical properties of the plastic housing, rehabilitation and repair of the failure of structural parts. acer Aspire 5920 battery acer Aspire 5520 battery

3.1 The failure of the repair of electrical properties of lead-acid battery

The failure of the electrical properties of the repair of lead-acid battery can be divided into physical and chemical methods of repair patch.

3.1.1 Non-chemically on the electrical properties of the repair of lead-acid battery [1]

Standard chemical properties of the electrical repair lead-acid battery is commonly used methods for attaching chemical activator, such as carbon nano battery soil activator, it is a nano-graphite main ingredients of the aqueous solution of solute. acer TravelMate 220 battery acer TravelMate 240 battery

3.1.1.1 Activation mechanism

Activator carbon nano-scale battery Sol is around 10-10 ~ 10-7 m nano-carbon (graphite), the main body and contains a variety of battery activation effectively ( as nano-silica), materials with high activity preparation of. As the carbon in the nanoscale range, have a large surface and high specific surface energy, it has many unusual properties, such as high chemical activity, catalytic activity, surface adsorption selective excellent conductivity and its negative charge. When the soil carbon nano-activator of the battery to the electrical properties of the internal failure of lead acid batteries, the electric field under the influence of nano-graphite is rapidly adsorbed on the electrode surface and higher penetration into the inner electrode. Adsorption on the active electrode material between the active substance which increases the bond strength between the two, and active matrix bond strength, can inhibit the excretion of active and active substances and sulfuric acid sulfate may have a passivation activity recovery of salt material. But also reduce the internal resistance of the battery, which increases the conductivity of the electrode, the electrode to improve and restore the functions of the electrode to increase the structural strength of the charging and discharging of the energy and chemical energy conversion between the improvement and strengthening support the improvement and efficiency of discharge of the battery capacity has been restored for repair. acer TravelMate 250 battery acer TravelMate 260 battery

3.1.1.2 Soil Activator Nano-carbon battery usage

(A) serious loss of water by adding an activator of lead-acid battery to the concentration before the first tranche of 5% to 10% sulfuric acid electrolyte, the addition of electrolyte concentration in liquid line between the upper and lower spot on the line.

(2) By addition of an activator required the use of plug holes in the air and even around the middle of each monomer added to the internal battery and stir regularly. Increased carbon nano activator Sol After almost liquid line liquid electrolyte on the line marked online.

(3) the immediate restoration of the battery, the charging current when charging began activation of the normal load current is greater than about 50%, so the role of nano-graphite in the earliest possible inside the adsorption to the electrode cover about 40% in again when the normal load of electricity. Activation of the capacity of the first theoretical capacity of 120% ~ 130%. acer TravelMate 280 battery acer TravelMate 290 battery

General activation of 2 ~ 3 weeks after the battery performance can be restored, the discharge capacity of the rated capacity of over 98% of the repair can be considered completed. Cell activation on the surface of the electrolyte after the repair of the large surplus of electrolyte to be drawn.

Activated before the battery into the battery electrolyte in trouble and brown, and if there are solid particles, but the discharge capacity of nearly 80% of the nominal capacity of the battery, the electrolyte must rinsed (or suction) and battery with pure water cleaning 2 times and then adding the concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte used, the above method of activating the repair of the battery. acer TravelMate 3000 battery acer TravelMate 4000 battery

3-grid system power has the advantage

And off-grid power systems solar system generation grid has the following advantages:

1. The use of clean energy and renewable solar energy naturally, do not consume non-renewable and limited resources, the carbon content of fossil fuels, the use of greenhouse gas emissions and emissions of pollutants, and harmony of the ecological environment, and in accordance with the economic and social development strategy. PC764 Y9943 Latitude D620 battery

2. Electricity can be injected into the network as a network storage device. When the load power is high, solar electric energy shortage on the purchase of electricity to the city. Although the burden is small or does not use electricity, you can sell electricity to the electricity surplus. At the rear, according to the principle of the grid system and the elimination of the battery, thereby broadening the scope of use and flexibility, improve the MTBF of the system and the battery of secondary pollution, and reduce costs.

3. Components of photovoltaic cells and the construction of the perfect combination of these two sectors, but also as building materials and decorative materials to make full use of material resources to play a variety of functions, not only reduce construction costs and also allow the building to improve the scientific content and technology to increase the “points of sale.” PA3399U-2BRS PA3465U-1BRS

4. Distributed construction of distributed power generation and supply the nearest place to get in and out of network flexibility, not only strengthen the power of resisting war and disasters, and helps to improve the system of ‘load balancing power and reduces line losses.

4, the impact on solar power system

As part of the density of solar photovoltaic and low, stable poor, poor regulatory capacity of power generation by the weather and geographical impact of the power grid will provide greater security, stability economic cooperation, and quality of power supply due to a certain extent.

1. For the impact of the trend line

Without access to grid-connected photovoltaic systems, where the distribution trend line is usually a one-way flow and that the distance between the post and increase monotonically to reduce active power. However, when the dispersed network access energy distribution after the system fundamentally changed the pattern of the trend and the trend has become unpredictable. VGP-BPS8 VGP-BPS8A VGP-BPL8 PV system power generation and the network later, when the right system for photovoltaic electricity to power the output power, under the system of photovoltaic power generation and load of the spatial relationship along the trend line may be added may also be reduced. When the line of photovoltaic system output is greater than the load current, the line portions of all or part of the trend may be reversed. The trend of this unconventional mode will produce a wide range of effects such as changes in the trend, it is difficult to maintain voltage regulation; also lead to equipment distribution network voltage control ( such as voltage regulators to not load tap transformers, switches capacitor group) abnormal response, and the flow of the sub-station photovoltaic power generation system when the tide is large enough, the system photovoltaic power generation in the vicinity of the device may be more overload or voltage limit, thereby affecting the reliability of the system. Meanwhile, the new generation of photovoltaic power systems, because of their great influence on the output by the weather, with random changes, which makes the system, the random nature of the trend.

2. For system protection

When the grid then there are several scattered power after the short circuit will increase, leading to more protection against surges to failure and excessive load short-circuit will also affect labor fuses. In addition, no prior access to the system of photovoltaic power generation is generally radial distribution network, its protection has no meaning, while access to the system of photovoltaic power generation, all distribution network includes more power in a network of tidal flow uncertainty, therefore, should require the installation of a directional protection, but fuses traditional and automatic re-closing devices has no direction. The protection system is based on traditional design of the radial grid-based, distributed generation in distribution network in the deep demand for basic protection system design should also be amended accordingly. VGP-BPS2 VGP-BPS2A VGP-BPS2C

3. Do not reduce the amount of the traditional owners of rotating machinery

As the grid-connected PV system has the capacity to peak load and frequency modulation, which will power the load early evening peak and the impact of peak load. Because grid-connected PV system to increase the capacity of energy production does not reduce the generating units of power system has a volume or redundant, it must be a photovoltaic power generation to prepare reserve units corresponding spinning for peak morning peak and evening peak problems. Grid-connected PV systems to the grid is a unit decrease in the use of the cost of a few hours. It is of course the power suppliers do not want to see.

Occur due to the cyclical nature of sun and loads, photovoltaics connected to the network to increase capacity and does not reduce the demand on the power installed capacity. When a city grid photovoltaic roof and reached a certain size, if a radical change in the geographical weather, power grids will be connected to the PV system to provide spinning reserve units of regional capacity and adequate compensation of reactive power to control and adjust the system frequency and voltage. In this case, the grid will be sacrificed at the expense of economic cooperation to ensure security and stability of operation of the supply network. VGP-BPL8A VGP-BPS9 VGP-BPS9A/B

4. For the impact of power quality

Access network will spread fluctuation of voltage supply and flicker, and harmonics. Large photovoltaic power generation system startup, or system output of photovoltaic power generation or a sudden change took place will cause a greater change in voltage fluctuations and flicker. As the system of photovoltaic power generation as a source of energy distributed itself is a source of harmonics and a portion of the grid signal broadcast by the access inverter, so inevitable that produces harmonics.

5. Energy saving effects of emission reduction should be explored in depth

Grid one of the main advantages of the use of other fossil fuels. As grid-connected solar power plants for electricity generation increased by turning the generator spinning reserve or backup system, therefore, grid-connected PV real savings rate should be lower spinning reserve or loss of hot standby energy. PV system power production efficiency and reduce consumption should be taken into account due to grid connected photovoltaic system provides power unit has led to the use of utilities to reduce the number of hours to bring efficiency losses. As the power system as a race together, connected to the electricity transmission grid photovoltaics would be contrary to the interests of other producers of electricity, which is that policymakers must consider. VGP-BPS9/S VGP-BPS9/B VGP-BPS9A

Photovoltaic effect caused by emission reductions should take into account the heat of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide must be solved, because when the photovoltaic system connected to the grid even considering the safety stability and economic exploitation, not only often help reduce only power plant, considering spinning reserve, hydroelectric power to bear not only the task of spinning reserve (hydro perform their task of spinning reserve less damage).

6. To run the programming

When the system then there are scattered power supply after the power system to improve system reliability and security, hoping to right the system output of photovoltaic power generation for remote programming. At present, China is Changwangfenkai the initial phase of the electricity market, only plants of large-scale electricity to participate in regional / provincial tendering market power, while scattered power from the local programming of grid electricity. VGP-BPS10 VGP-BPS10A VGP-BPS10A/B The electrical power distribution system as a whole consists of two parts: the province’s electricity grid and distributed food. The face of the variable price and the high number of scattered power, regional power grid to a variety of security constraints to meet the requirements of the most economical way of scheduling decentralized energy will be a concern.