1, the Sino-Japanese and American auto battery lithium situation for Development Analysis

According to Deutsche Bank research shows that vehicles the 10 companies most willing to work with companies to develop lithium-auto: 1) Johnson Controls-Saft (United States and France, Johnson Controls and Saft joint venture) 2) of A123 Systems, Inc. (Institute of Technology Massachusetts College, General Electric and other investors to establish the group in society cooperation with the mainland), 3) LG Chemical (Company the U.S. subsidiary Compact Power), 4) EnerDel (Ener1 and Delphi joint venture), 5) AESC (Nissan and NEC joint venture), 6) PEVE (a joint venture between Toyota and Matsushita), 7) GS Yuasa, Hitachi 9) Sanyo Electric; 10) Samsung.

Investment Advisor in the new energy industry researcher Sheng automotive Li-mao said that research can be found at the above, at present, the Japanese suppliers of the lithium Dell XPS M140 battery market world are indeed a great advantage. According to the Japanese after the disclosure of the Bureau of Industrial Policy, Japan in 2010 to try lithium batteries for next-generation vehicles electric. Toyota, Nissan and Matsushita Electric Industrial and other related companies have signed an agreement to jointly develop a new generation of lithium batteries unified specification cars, and plans for mass production within 2 years. Toshiba decided to spend ¥ 50000000000 development of electric vehicles using lithium-ion batteries, which will be held within two years of power high performance semi-commercial production.

In recent years, China Automotive Lithium industry from scratch, from small to large, rapid development, production capacity after Japan. China Lithium-ion battery industry started late in Japan, but developing very rapidly, power lithium-cell research and development ion has also invested considerable financial and material resources. Lithium Chinese automotive-ion hp F4809A battery R & D project was the 863 “national” key project, much of the equipment to perform the localization and the introduction of multi-national materials has been self-built production lines and support, the plants have more than one, were the formation of large-scale production, highly competitive market, primarily investment-oriented industries.

China BYD, Wanxiang Group, Shenzhen BAK Battery, Tianjin Lishen Battery Myers, a joint venture with the United States and therefore exposure to research on lithium batteries. However, currently the only master of the lithium iron phosphate technology vehicles, large production scale BYD, leading position in the world, BYD E6 pure electric vehicles and hybrid F3DM officially launched achieving developed itself lithium-ion sony VGP-BPS2 battery.

Recently, the U.S. battery manufacturers are increasing their investments in lithium batteries for cars, as the company power solutions, Johnson Controls (Johnson Controls Power Solutions) recently said the company plans to invest 100 million U.S. dollars in the Florence of Southern California, the construction of recycling car batteries factory. Boston the U.S. government also heavily subsidized investment in power plant electric car battery will be in Auburn, Massachusetts, United States to create the company’s first factory car electric battery.

2, feeding problems encountered in the development of lithium batteries

Which currently prevent the development of lithium-bottlenecks are ion battery: safety performance and vehicle power management system battery.

Safety performance, because the lithium-ion battery with an energy density and working temperature is high, poor working conditions and other reasons, coupled with the safety of people-oriented concept, so safety Battery users have a very high demand. Auto battery management system of energy, since the supply voltage of 12V vehicle battery or 24V, but a single power lithium-voltage ion battery is 3.7 V, the battery must be a number of series and increase tension, but because the battery is difficult to achieve completely homogeneous charge and discharge, leading to a number of battery packs in series within a single battery charge and discharge occurs imbalance, the battery is under and over-rejection phenomenon, and this situation will lead to a sharp deterioration in toshiba PA3191U-1BRS battery performance and ultimately led to the entire group of cells does not work, or even discarded, thus significantly affect battery life and reliability.

China analyst with the automotive industry with investment advisors who Sheng-mao, power lithium-ion battery for proper application, which is technically necessary starting materials, batteries, systems management, taking into account the processing mechanical and other aspects. Therefore, the need for firms in upstream and downstream to work together with the battery as a core material, the management system requests formation of an industry group, more conducive to technological and system costs.

3, the outlook for lithium batteries for automotive

The future of new energy vehicles, instead of the traditional tendency of the automobile will become a necessity, lithium car batteries as new energy vehicles in the “heart” will be spawned a huge industry, of economic effects. It is understood that the joint Ministry of Science and the state ministries and commissions will be for 3 consecutive years in each of 10 different cities were in 1000 as a demonstration of applications of hybrid electric vehicles. Support services for the State concerned, to further enhance the demonstration and application of hybrid vehicles as a means to stimulate the development of technology of lithium batteries, and parts and key improvements in vehicle technology, new energy for after 2010, laid the foundation for the automotive industry.

According to the Investment Advisor “issued by the new energy vehicles in China during the 2008-2010 Industry Analysis and Investment Consulting report” shows that the situation of energy resources of China and the development trend of international automotive technology is expected by 2012, annual production will reach a new energy vehicles to 1 million, while the projections, by 2025, China accounted for holdings regular gasoline vehicles and cars will be only d ‘about 50%, and advanced diesel and gas vehicles, bio-fuel vehicles such as the rapid development of new energy vehicles will be.

The main function of the isolation cell membrane ion conduction electron, which is positive and negative electrodes in the batteries to prevent the direct electronic contact, but the free passage of ions. For lithium-ion battery separator, the basic requirements are as follows:

1. Thickness

For consumer-type lithium-ion battery (mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras, used in batteries), 25-micron membrane gradually became the norm. Membrane However, due to the increasing use of people with handheld devices, thin membranes, eg 20 microns, 18 microns, 16 microns, and even thinner started large-scale applications. For the Laptop battery power, because the requirements of mechanical assembly processes, often require thicker membrane, of course, with large batteries for power, security is also very important, while the membranes are often thicker also means better security.

2. Ventilation rate:

From academic point of view, the membrane is inert in the battery, that divide is not a necessary element of the stack, but only the production of industrial batteries. The existence of the membrane first encounter it does not deteriorate the electrochemical performance of the battery, mainly in the internal resistance. Electrolyte membrane containing the resistivity and the resistivity of the same electrolyte, the ratio between the numbers of known MacMullin. In general, consumption of lithium-ion batteries this value is close to 8, of course, this value is smaller, the better. In general, lithium-ion Dell Inspiron 6400 battery separator containing a parameter of the permeability, or called the number Gurley. This number is well defined, ie a certain amount of gas in certain pressure conditions, through a certain area, divide the time required, the volume of gas flow is generally 50cc, some companies will be marked 100cc with the final results will be twice as bad. Size should be 1 square inch pressure difference does not remember clearly. This value in a certain sense, and use their cell membrane of the internal resistance is proportional, that is, the higher the value, then the greater the resistance. However, a different membrane, the direct comparison of numbers does not make sense. Because the internal resistance of lithium-ion batteries and ionic conduction, while the ventilation rate and the spread of gases linked to two types of mechanism is not the same. In other words, the simple comparison of two different fracture Gurley number is meaningless, because she may divide two types of micro-structures are completely different, but the Gurley number of the same size of the membrane can be very good response from the size of the resistance, because the membrane is relatively the same micro-structure is identical or comparable.

3. Infiltration degrees:

To ensure internal resistance of the hp F2024A battery is not too demanding membrane is used in the electrolyte of the battery can be completely infiltrated. Government is not recognized testing standards. Can be roughly judged by the following experiment: Take a typical electrolyte (such as EC: DMC = 1:1.1 M LiPF 6), decreased membrane surface area, to see if the droplets will rapidly disappear by absorption the membrane, so it is essential to meet the infiltration requirements is illustrated. More accurate tests can be time-resolved ultra-high camera recording of the diaphragm into contact with droplets droplets disappear processes, computer time, the length of time to compare the two types of degree of membrane penetration. Infiltration degree one hand, a membrane material itself bound to another membrane on the surface and internal microstructure closely linked.

4. Chemical Stability:

In other words, is to make membranes in the electrochemical reaction is inert. After several years of industrial inspection, is generally considered that the current PE or PP separator material is chemically inert to meet the requirements.

5. Open:

In general, the membrane electrode particles to avoid direct contact, a very important point are to prevent the electrode particles directly through the diaphragm. Electrodes currently used in 10 micron particles in the general order of magnitude, while the use of BATBL50L6 conductive additives in the order of 10 nm, but had the chance to reunite the general carbon black particles tend to form large particles. In general, sub-micron pore size membrane enough to prevent particles directly by the electrodes, of course, does not exclude some of the surface of the electrode is not managed properly, leading to some of the dust over as micro-circuit short and so on.

6. Puncture Strength:

This parameter is not flat because the surface of the electrode, and the assembly process of limited technological level has applied, requiring considerable force perforated diaphragm. Tests for resistance to puncture is the industry standard to follow, usually within a certain speed (3-5 m per minute), so there is no sharp edge of a 1 mm diameter needle attached to the diaphragm ring to penetrate the membrane applied to the needle from the puncture strength of the strongest known. Similarly, because when the testing methods used and the actual situation of batteries vary considerably, the direct comparison of the two types of membrane puncture strength is not very reasonable, but in the micro-structure of certain circumstances, the strength of perforation relatively high rate of improper assembly is low. But the mere pursuit of power punching high, will inevitably lead to performance degradation of the membrane of another.

7. Thermal stability:

Diaphragms need to use the range of sony VGP-BPS2 battery temperature (-20C ~ 60C) to maintain thermal stability. Generally speaking, the current use of PE or PP is membrane materials to meet these requirements.

There is of course due to the electrolyte to water sensitive, and most manufacturers in the liquid injection around 80C before cooking, which is PP / PE membrane will not be a big problem there

8. Thermal Shutdown Temperature:

Contents of a more serious owing to security concerns, the current lithium-ion battery separator are generally able to provide an additional function, namely thermal shutdown. The general principles, we shall batteries (two flat electrodes sandwiching a diaphragm, using a common lithium-ion battery electrolyte) heating, where the resistance has increased three orders of magnitude when the temperature is called temperature thermal shutdown. This feature can be lithium-ion battery to provide extra security. Effectively close the temperature and the melting point of the matter itself closely related, such as the PE of about 135C. Of course, another micro-structure of the thermal shutdown temperature has an impact. But for small batteries, thermal shutdown mechanism for the role is very limited.

9. Rate of porosity:

Current form, the lithium-ion battery separator porosity of 40%. The pore size and the internal resistance of a certain relationship, but different types of membranes between the absolute value of the void fraction can be directly compared.

1, the battery without memory effect, no need to discharge;

2, the first charge, should be a continuous load 18 hours;

3, the proposed travel 30-35 miles, and then load;

4, the battery is no longer permitted to detain without charge, under normal circumstances, the best time to allocate for each additional six weeks of electricity;

5, to grow in the low-speed climbing and load when the pedal is good practice to help you.

Which electric car battery good?

Battery electric bicycle plastic mainly silver, lead, lithium, nickel-hydrogen type. Among them, the battery plastic money has basically been off the market, while lead acid batteries in the course now, it is more durable than the silver plastic Dell Latitude X1 battery, the average life expectancy of a maximum of one year and a half, and because the use is very popular, so the replacement and repair is also more convenient. Lithium and nickel-metal hydride battery is a new market for the preferred electric car, they live longer, but the price is even higher than in other types of batteries for vehicles to your last thousand dollars.

In addition, various types of batteries is not only price, life is different from its weight is also very different, lead-acid battery weighs 13 kg, while lithium batteries and weighs just over 2 kilograms, the weight of nickel-metal hydride battery rows between the two, so you buy an electric car should also take into account the convenience of vehicles, in the absence of suitable sites for parking lot, the hard work necessary for daily move to the next, it is recommended you may want to buy lithium battery electric vehicles, if your house all the parking practice, then you really have a choice.

Maintenance free batteries Maintenance

First, the maintenance requirements

1, check whether the car’s battery and set the outer surface, if there is a bump hurt.

2 battery cables are connected and reliable, if there is dust vent.

3, through the hp PP2182D battery on the ocular inspection of electrical charge and the quality of the state, Green said that qualified blacks, reported a loss of electricity, White said that the battery is damaged to be replaced.

Secondly, the additional costs

1, so long, do not use the vehicle load or system failure, the load when the battery voltage drops below 10V, no-load voltage is below 12.4V be charged.

2, fans of popular songs constant current electrical load limitation method, multi-battery charger should be used only in series.

3, collecting the first step, the battery capacity, 1 / 10 of the load current, the charging current of 6A. An average load of each sony VGP-BPS2 battery voltage reaches the 16A and amended for the second phase of loading.

4, the second charge stage, the current capacity of the battery × 0,045 costs, such as the 6-QW-60 battery, charging current is 60 × 0.045 = 2.7A. An average load of each cell voltage reaches 16V, then continue to charge 3 to 5 hours.

5, charging the electrolyte humidity over 40 degrees, should be taken to stop the charge, reduce the cooling being or physical, when the humidity reaches 45 degrees, to stop the charge.

6 rooms load to ensure proper ventilation, not allowed to have an open flame and flammable.

7, standard sufficient electricity, electric green eyes.

Thirdly, Fast Charge

1, the fast charge is restricted to vehicles not able to launch emergency measures, the period granted to the extent possible under the conditions of ordinary charger.

2, being quick to load the LCBTP03003 battery capacity of 3 / 10.

3, fast charging time of less than 2 hours.

4, responsible for system fault diagnosis

1, near where additional power under a variety of measures of motor speed and battery voltage between the two poles should column of 13.8 × 14.5 V. If less than the carrying capacity 13.8V output system is not sufficient explanation, higher than the regulator voltage of 14.4 V shows out of control, need to verify the cause of the malfunction.

2, almost all use electrical appliances, open the battery cable, cable clip and string in the ammeter between the pole to measure the leakage current. Remove the quartz, the control unit of the normal consumption of energy, such as leakage current is too large, can put aside each compliance assurance in turn reduces leakage.

3, if the eye color is green power, but he is a starter at low speed, requiring the use of battery tester checks battery voltage discharge. When measured by the charging voltage is above 10V can be used normally by the charging voltage is below 10V May still exist after the loss of electro kinetic phenomena, should be replaced with new ones.