digital batteries

As the valve regulated lead acid batteries with a low cost, voltage stability, pollution, etc. In recent years, widely used in telecommunications, electricity and transport sector. But the recent reaction of many users, who must work for 10 to 15 years of VGP-BPS2A VGP-BPS9A battery, especially in the 3 ~ 5 years, damaged, and some even less than one year is also resulting in great economic losses. Interviews and surveys conducted by the author that: Due to the unreasonable burden and life control discharge of the battery caused by the termination of a minority. On the battery and monitor the impact of unreasonable rejection is enormous, as the loss of battery capacity of the first sulphate irreversible thermal runaway, the electrolyte is dried up and the reasonable control of the load and discharge. To prolong the life of valve lead acid batteries, I spoke briefly about the battery VRLA right and control the release of technical requirements.

First, the use of floating charge

In the power systems of communication of supply DC power to ensure uninterrupted, generally using switching rectifier (charger) and the battery in parallel floating charge is used. In the state of the float, the load current is mainly used for battery self-discharge due to the loss of capacity, but the floating state and battery charge current is closely tied to the float voltage. In order to have more valve lead-acid battery float life of service in the battery, they must fully integrate cell manufacturing raw materials and the structural characteristics and the ambient temperature and other aspects, so to develop the battery and reasonable terms of use, in particular, is the float voltage setting. For example: at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃, the standard type of valve regulated lead-acid battery voltage float should be set at 2.25V, IBM ThinkPad R52 battery IBM ThinkPad T40 battery which allows changes in the range of 2.23 ~ 2.27V. Float voltage is too low, the battery state of charge due to a long period, not only the plates of the battery in the irreversible formation of sulfate, but also in the active and barrier layer formed between the grid of high strength, so that the battery internal resistance increased, reduced capacity and, possibly, early termination of the life float voltage is too high, the state of charge of battery over a long period will lead to the battery current is increased, not only open the valve often lead to increased dehydration, the degradation capacity, and also the heat generated in the battery too late to be dissipated, the temperature rise, thus creating a vicious circle, leading to a runaway Heat, while also accelerated grid corrosion float life of early termination.

Of course, not least in order to recharge the battery, it does not load, but must also adapt to changes in blood temperature of the float, the usual adjustment coefficient of ± 3 mV / ℃. But in any case once the adjustment factor float voltage, the battery can be used in any temperature. We should know that the temperature is low, due to float voltage increases, the same shall float current increases, accelerated grid corrosion, the life of a series of problems such as early termination, while the temperature is high, float voltage is reduced, will charge the battery due to the formation of a series of questions. It can be seen, valve installation of the lead acid battery, it is best installed in air-conditioned, well ventilated room, while also passing rectifiers, etc. away from the heat source, and multi -install the battery, it is preferable not installed in the battery cabinet, so as not to affect cooling. Dell Latitude X1 battery Dell XPS M1210 battery

In addition, tension systems of communication, there are some rectifier switch settings is not a load balanced. Thus, if the battery float voltage is set to normal or low, too late to make room after the incident electric shock could be the formation of sulfate irreversible if the battery float voltage is too high, the battery be used on the normal float charge problem, also affect battery life.

Secondly, the use of a load balanced

In depth valves lead battery acid or unloading of long term floating power supply imbalances in the battery voltage and the unique ability may occur. To eliminate the imbalances, the charging voltage charge must be increased, this pricing method is called a balanced load. “Telecom Power maintenance procedures, the provisions of the valve-regulated lead acid batteries to meet one of the following conditions must be load balanced: ① two or more single battery voltage is lower than floating to 2.18 V. ② Discharge at depths greater than 20%; ③ idle more than three months; ④ full float for more than three months.

Charge equalization, the commonly used constant pressure limiting. Charging voltage is also based on structural characteristics of the F3172A PB995A battery and the ambient temperature to determine the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, single valve regulated lead acid battery charging voltage should be put in the balance of 2.35V, load current must be less than 0.25C10A, C10 rate of 10 hours for the discharge capacity of the battery. Typically, the temperature is increased by 1 ℃, the balance of power one battery charge should decrease 3mV. Note: In accordance with a balanced strategy of charging the battery when the charging voltage is an important addition to the outside, a balanced charging time is also very important. To prolong battery life, must be based on a balanced load voltage and current, accurate set a time of balanced load. In other words, a balanced process of the load when the load current is constant for three hours, must be immediately transferred to the state of floating charge, otherwise it will seriously affect the battery life overload.

3, use the discharge

As the valve regulated lead acid batteries in the power system of communication in use as a standby power outage, will be immediately transferred to the rejection of the State to ensure an uninterrupted supply of power continuous. Thus, the use of battery discharge is also particularly important. Discharge should be noted that the rate of battery discharge and termination voltage discharge, in particular, is different from room temperature to terminate the discharge rate and voltage settings of discharge. Due to the different temperature greatly affect the freezing point of battery electrolyte, and activity of active substances to ensure adequate chemical reaction performed VRLA batteries is better controlled at the minimum temperature of -20 ℃ above, preferably at 25 ℃ on the reasons for such a package has been repeatedly mentioned earlier, do not occur here. PA3285U-3BRS PA3383U-1BRS

The closure of the landfill from the battery voltage is to prevent the rejection process in a group where a single cell in the battery voltage and capacity imbalances. Generally, excessive discharge Seriously, the following charges, the battery behind the recovery more difficult, which seriously affects battery life. In the system of communication power supply, usually valve discharge rate battery 0.02C10, 0.1C10, 0.2C10 or 0.3C10A. To avoid excessive discharge, not only to the extent possible, to avoid the flow is too small, but they must also be based on the rate of discharge, combined with the temperature, the design of precision voltage discharge termination. Under normal circumstances, if the rate of 0.01 ~ 0.025C, the termination voltage can be set to 2.00V; flow rate of 0.5 ~ 0.25 V, it can set to 1.80V. Due to the existence of concentration polarization, increases in discharge rate, accompanied by increasing the discharge current discharge, non-voltage must be lowered. A1175 A1185

1, lithium-ion batteries generations of Change

The first generation of lithium-ion VGP-BPS2A VGP-BPS9A batteries: anode: lithium metal, the tensions of work to 3.7V. Since lithium directly to a very bright as a negative, too many security risks have been eliminated.

The second generation: low-power lithium-ion batteries liquid. Anode material allotrope C, operating voltage was reduced to 3.6 V. It avoids directly to the lithium metal as the potential security problems of anode are generally used for laptops, cameras and so on.

Third-generation polymer lithium-ion battery. The electrolyte does not flow from freezing solid material can be made into any shape, size. Great capacity but not high current discharge for mobile phones, MP3 and other computer products market power by a smaller favor.

The fourth-generation high-power lithium-ion battery. High capacity, clean and high current (power) discharge. Electric bicycles and electric vehicles as a high power battery.

Secondly, the advantages of lithium batteries

1. Lithium is the lightest metal in nature, specific gravity and water is only 1 / 2, so the quality lithium-ion batteries that high. Usually cadmium – nickel-2 to 3 times, hydrogen – The nickel was ~ 2-foldIBM ThinkPad R52 battery IBM ThinkPad T40 battery

2. Lithium atom / ion radius smaller volume ratio of hydrogen – rechargeable nickel to 30% smaller than the size of its energy is also high. Usually cadmium – nickel-two times more hydrogen – rechargeable nickel 1.5 times.

3. Thirdly, lithium is the least electronegativity, the standard redox potential of – 3.045 V (hydrogen electrode reference is concerned). Therefore, both find as suitable cathode material, you can get a high electromotive force, which currently operates 3 to 4 volts, is cadmium – nickel, hydrogen – nickel 3 times.

4. And most sources of chemical energy with a different aqueous solution as electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries use organic solvents as an electrolyte. Therefore, the lithium-ion batteries often used with a wide range of temperature, usually 20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, particularly adapted for use at low temperature. The solution near the battery to 0 ℃, which is a result of electrolyte freezing completely discarded.

5. Lithium-ion batteries containing heavy metal elements (such as lead acid batteries in Pb) and toxic elements (such as cadmium – nickel batteries in Ge) do not cause environmental pollution, they been known as the green battery.

6. Lithium battery voltage discharge ion plate, no memory effect, little self-discharge cycle life long, but it is also an important advantage. Dell Inspiron 1300 battery  Dell Inspiron 1420 battery

3, the security risks of lithium batteries come from?

(1) Lithium-essential ion battery: Li animated metals in the non-normal circumstances (eg, overload), Li + may be negative to be electronic, not precipitation lithium metal, and assembled in a dendrite lithium perforated diaphragm, connectivity is negative, causing internal short-circuit the battery. In addition, in the case of air or water, the precipitation of lithium metal but also extremely insecure factors.

(2) lithium-ion battery electrolytes: conductivity is low flammability, oxidation and reduction of solution. Battery voltage lithium 3 ~ 4 V, the traditional theory of the tension of the electrolyte solution 1.23 V, the lithium battery of high-voltage electrolysis of water has long been recognized. Thus, lithium batteries can only be due to high compression, high-boiling point organic electrolyte. Organic solution has the disadvantage of generally conductivity (eg high resistance) in short-circuit and overload of work, the high current rapidly cause the battery’s internal heat, which triggers the combustion of electrolyte in overload, where too discharge electrolysis solution is oxidized or restoration, the production of a large number of gas, so that sealed lithium-ion battery is even a risk of explosion! In addition, the internal temperature of the battery and the battery are a couple of reaction intensified in the vicious circle of positive feedback, leading to fire or explosion of battery of short duration. hp Pavilion DV1000 battery  hp Pavilion dv4000 battery

4, power-based lithium-safety requirements on ion batteries as lithium-ion battery means more

(1), large capacity requirements of safety higher: the power type lithium-ion batteries and the combination of the battery capacity is 1.3Ah, 1.5AH, 3Ah, 3.5AH, 7Ah, 10Ah, 14Ah, 20Ah or higher is lithium-ion batteries in general several times. Large capacity for materials micro-performance lithium-ion battery anode are being de-embedded / embedded in the number of lithium-ion batteries, which will increase its security implications.

(2) Discharge high power safety requirements are higher: low-power lithium ion batteries, they are less active in the power of the computer products market, and power lithium-ion batteries used in electric, powered vehicles and military player. The power to fulfill the latter is much larger than the first, namely, the internal battery to withstand the current is much larger than the former, but as mentioned earlier, organic electrolytes by strong currents (typically up ’safety of several or even dozens of security), is also a lithium-ion a risk factor for the battery.

(3) the use of harsh conditions on the security requirements are higher: the battery type lithium-ion power commonly used in difficult conditions, such as electric vehicles as a power source, they work full air, to withstand changes in temperature in its impact, while benefiting from bumps and emergency stop, accelerate test extrinsic motivation. PA3399U-1BRS PA3399U-2BAS

Therefore, lithium power type, the security issues that ion battery using lithium-ion battery is more prominent, higher requirements. How to solve this problem, also from the material, structure and circuit protection to begin. Finally, and scientific testing and certification authority, so it can provide efficient and safe power type lithium-ion delivered to the customer’s hands.

5, the security issues resolved?

One, materials, start with a selection of over safety of lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate cathode material B as a reasonable choice of anode material for C temperature characteristics over the selection of membrane materials and better temperature characteristics of D, a higher pressure, electrical conductivity and better electrolyte formula E a reasonable proportion of positive and negative materials

2 Circuit A reliable external peripheral circuits are designed to ensure reliability, failure analysis prepared to reduce the working batteries in extreme conditions, the probability, so that the batteries operate in a reasonable condition B processes and materials to ensure the reliability of the circuitA1022 A1078

3, the strict inspection and monitoring.

1. Elements of a battery option

AGM battery with a low cost advantage of large discharge current, but there is a narrow range of temperature, the VGP-BPS2A battery easy to dehydration and heat control deficiencies and gel batteries are expensive, but it was stable performance, range of temperature, resistance to more than off-load discharge, long life and so on.

As battery electric bike, in most cases, are high current, depth of discharge cycle, therefore, better adapted to use electric bicycle batteries gel batteries. Gel batteries are highly resistant to over-discharge capacity and high electro-hydraulic retention, excessive discharge of the battery to avoid the impact due to dehydration caused by thermal runaway phenomenon of generation of cells.

Rechargeable lead acid batteries of different brands are basically the same characteristics, but because the manufacturers of the formulation of the battery material, electrolyte concentration and content of Deng Jun different charging voltage are also some differences, therefore, strictly speaking, should be based on the manufacturing of batteries given specific requirements for determining the charging voltage of the PA3399U-1BRS battery program, otherwise easily lead to misuse of the battery.

Motor bikes and electric power output of batteries to match the power rating, so in order to prolong battery life, power bicycle motor to the extent possible, the battery is less than the nominal power to avoid the battery at full load or overload of work long-term conditions.

2, the efficient use of battery

The battery used in tandem, if the internal resistance of the battery is incoherent, in the process of loading and unloading the voltage across the battery would be inconsistent with any group that will eventually lead to premature failure of the pile because load. Therefore, electric bicycle, the consistency of the balance of the battery, the battery has a considerable impact. For consumers, fair use, but also on the balance of the consistency of the battery to some extent, affects the battery life. Based on the battery during the years of research and actual use, we recommend consumers to use the following methods of rational use A1060 batteries;

(1) Electric Juji line speed: 20-25km / h.

(2) Riding distance: 10-30km per day, depth of discharge less than or equal to 70% (once every 2 months, deep discharge).

(3) the load frequency: once per day.

(4) Charge: Ride single (which can carry a 10-year-old child under one).

According to the above method, good quality electric bicycles can be made in the normal use of 3-4 years or five years, and can use a battery and a half years or both. The depth of lower depth of discharge of the battery, the life cycle of the battery cycle longer battery life longer. Therefore, consumers are generally regarded as one of a charge cycle is wrong, to make their own use to prolong battery life, we must always leave the battery is fully charged state, a state of an extended power outage, the negative battery vulnerable to salinization, resulting in loss of LCBTP03003 battery capacity, affecting the battery life.

3, the battery maintenance

Qualified electric bike batteries manufactured by the manufacturer of the battery, the battery life and performance to some extent depend on consumer use and maintenance.

(1) Matching and battery charger.

Batteries for electric bikes is a bad charge, rather than harm, we can see the importance of matching chargers and batteries, there are two situations: first, the new charger and battery manufacturers to ensure their own settings do not match, the second is the load device itself, poor quality components, the beginning of use, fairly matched, that the burden of consumers and discharge cycles to use, the charger itself same is due to temperature, aging of components, where the charge voltage and switch current drift, the FK890 battery is damaged.

And manufacturers of electric vehicles recommend that consumers buy the best manufacturers corresponding battery charger, not because of momentary greed expensive rechargeable batteries bad, but not worth the candle.

(2) regular, rapid recovery of electricity.

Consumers in the statement on the use of life cycle is usually nominal, there is a misconception that to recharge a battery, the battery reduces the time, so whenever the consumption of battery power, as voltage protection for the controller began to add electric 31.5V did not know that this does not only fail to protect the battery, but also shorten the battery life. So, remind the majority of consumers, if possible, promptly complete the F4812A battery.

(3) Non-LED displays the voltage, to continue riding. Some consumers in the half-way ride, indicators show the state of tension, after taking a rest and then a way of riding, so much wrong with the battery, the battery will discharge in a serious salinization or generate sticks of lead crystal, so that short-circuit the battery, which affect life expectancy.

(4) electric bike is just beginning, climbing, overloading should try to help.

(5) on the road the rain, they should avoid wetting the switches and connectors to prevent leaks.

More knowledge about battery used lead acid batteries for electric bicycle maintenance and repair has a positive side, thanks to technological improvements, including improved technology to freeze the current cost – effective lead-acid batteries with other batteries of a great advantage over.