digital batteries

When the constant current into the discharge had finished charging the battery because the battery’s internal resistance voltage drop generated, so the Laptop battery voltage has increased rapidly (A). Since then, the battery began to accept the office , the battery voltage to a lower rate continues to rise. In this context (Beach AB), the electrochemical reaction to generate a certain amount of oxygen in the same time as the same rate of oxygen and the chemical combination of hydrogen, therefore, the battery temperature and internal gas pressure is very low.

Process of loading the battery, composed of oxygen from the oxygen is higher than when the battery internal pressure increases. * The normal pressure inside the battery is about 1 pound force / inch 2. Overload, the rate of charge, the battery internal pressure will soon be in place by the force of 100 pounds / inch 2 or more.

Examine a variety of ways to approach charging nickel-cadmium battery gas production is an important issue. Bubbles gathered at the plate surface of the plate will reduce the surface involved in chemical reactions and increase the resistance of the internal battery. Overload, batteries produce much gas, if not rapidly compounds, the internal pressure of the IBM ThinkPad T43 battery would be increased considerably, which would damage the battery. In addition, the pressure is too large, sealed batteries will open porosity, so that the oven electrolyte. If the electrolyte has continued to make holes through the oven, the viscous nature of the electrolyte increases, the transport of ions between the plates becomes difficult, thus increasing the internal resistance of the battery capacity decrease.

After some time (c), the electrolyte begins to produce air bubbles, these bubbles are gathered on the surface of the plate, so that the effective area of the lower plate, so increases the ‘internal impedance of the battery, the battery voltage began to rise rapidly. This is close to an appropriate electrical signal.

Sufficient power, the rechargeable battery in the battery current is not converted into energy storage, but in the positive potential of oxygen on board Ultra generated. Oxygen is due to the electrolyte resulting from electrolysis is not due to return to the cadmium hydroxide, cadmium generated. Potassium hydroxide and water in the composition of the electrolyte, hydrogen and oxygen ions in oxygen, water and free electrons, the reaction formula

4OH? ↑ O2 → 2 H2O +4 e? Although the oxygen in the electrolyte can quickly produce surface of the negative plate in the electrolyte in the composite, but significantly increased the temperature of the ，Dell Latitude X1 battery. In addition, since the charging current used to produce oxygen, thereby increasing the pressure inside the battery.

Because a large number of hydroxyl ions from that of a small cadmium hydroxide is easier to get out of oxygen, so sharp rise in temperature inside the battery so that battery voltage drops. Therefore, the peak battery voltage curve (point D).

Electrolyte, the generation of oxygen compounds is an exothermic reaction, the battery during overload (point E) and produce oxygen continuously, so that the temperature and pressure inside the battery increases. If you force the exhaust causes the electrolyte to reduce the battery capacity has dropped and damage the battery. If the gas can be quickly discharged, the battery will explode.

Using net low constant current charging, the batteries have a dendrite. These dendrites can spread through the partition between the plates. In the proliferation of more severe cases, the dendrites will be part or all of the short-circuit the hp 346970-001 battery.

Ni-MH battery charging characteristics and nickel-cadmium batteries is similar in both charging voltage, the temperature curve shown in Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3. As can be seen, charge termination, nickel-cadmium battery voltage drop is much larger than the nickel-hydride batteries in metal. When the battery capacity will reach 80% capacity prior to the temperature nickel-cadmium battery rises slowly when the battery capacity reaches 90% after nickel cadmium batteries will soon rise in temperature before. When the battery is fully charged when the base, Ni-Cd / Ni-MH battery is basically the same rate of temperature increase.

Process and method for recharging the rechargeable battery charging process can generally be divided into pre-charge, fast charge, top-up trickle charge into four stages.

Term not used for long or a new battery, the top one on the use of fast-support, it will affect battery life. Thus, the battery should charge a small current load to meet certain conditions, this step is called pre-load.

Fast charge is to use the current pricing stronger, faster recovery of the VGP-BPS9A/B battery power. Fast-charge rate of 1C or, more generally, the fast charging time, the battery capacity and loading rate-determining, cheap polo.

To avoid overcharging, the charger uses a number of low load current. The normal charge nickel-cadmium batteries can accept the charge rate of C/10 or less, so the charging time to over 10 hours. The use of low load current, the battery does not produce too much gas, the battery temperature is too high. As long as the battery charger, receiving the low rate constant-current battery charger will be able to provide a very small net charge current. Rechargeable battery with low current, the heat generated within the battery can be dispersed naturally.

Trickle Charger main problem is charging too slow, for example, with a capacity of 1 Ah battery, using C/10 charge rate, charging time to over 10 hours. In addition, the battery re charge a fill rate is low, when there is a dendrite. In most loader drip, lack of feedback voltage or temperature and therefore can not guarantee that the VGP-BPS9/B battery is fully charged, immediately after the bifurcation charger.

Fast charge constant current charging and pulse charging points are two types of constant current load is a constant current to the load current, the pulse load is the first use of pulsed current to charge the battery. And then let the battery discharge and so on. Great battery pulse amplitude, width very narrow. Usually discharge pulse amplitude for pulse charging 3 times. Although the amplitude of the pulse discharge and battery capacity related, however, with the ratio of current amplitude load remained unchanged.

Loading process, nickel cadmium batteries reduced to nickel hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide, cadmium restore. During this process, the bubbles generated, gathered at the plate on both sides, so it will reduce the effective area of the plate, so that the plate resistance increases. Since the effective area of smaller plates, the charge in the full time required to increase capacity.

Join pulse discharge, the bubble left the plate and with the negative plate composed of oxygen. This process reduces the depolarization of the internal pressure of the toshiba PA3191U-4BRS battery temperature and internal resistance. At the same time, most of the charge in the battery is converted into chemical energy rather than gas and heat.

Charge-pulse width of discharge must be chosen to provide the plate to restore the original crystalline structure, thus eliminating the memory effect. Using measures of depolarization of discharge, may improve the efficiency of charge and allows very rapid charging current.

The use of some fast-load only the right, after the end of fast charging, the battery is fully charged. To ensure the recharge to 100% of electricity, but also by adding up the loading process. Complete the charge rate is generally not exceed 0.3c. By completing the charging process, the temperature will continue to increase when the temperature exceeds the limit, the charger into the charge state of maintenance.

Store, nickel cadmium batteries will power the discharge rate of C/30 to C/50 reduced to compensate for battery self-discharge due to the loss of electricity to supplement the charge after the end loader runoff should be transferred automatically to the process of electricity. Trickle charge, also known as maintenance costs. According to the battery self-discharge characteristics of slow loading rates are generally low. While connected to the battery charger and the charger connected to power in maintaining the state of charge, the charger load an additional rate to the battery, it will give the battery is fully charged, the state’s total .

1, the pricing of common sense

Here, we must first note that the load is an important step in the use of rechargeable batteries. Load appropriate and reasonable to extend the battery life is very good, while the random brutal life of the rechargeable Laptop battery will be greatly affected. On one side, said the current lithium batteries are based on the basic package of each product individually and not jointly, if different products to provide their own equipment for loading, and not common, when in service as long as you can use to follow their instructions. While it is the introduction of the battery refers mainly nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydride batteries in metal.

The battery compartment on nickel and nickel hydride batteries, metal, there are two ways in which we are known as “fast charge” and “trickle charge”. Quick charge and trickle charge is the charge of an important concept, and only learned about the fast charge and trickle charge in order to properly grasp the load.

Firstly, the fast charge and trickle charge is a relative concept. Some people have asked, my charger with charge current of 200mA is not load quickly? The answer is not absolute, should have answered some batteries is fast charging, and some batteries, it is simply loaded slow. So how can we judge fast charge or slow charge it?

For example, a 5, Ni-MH power capacity IBM ThinkPad T41 battery of 1200 mAh, while the other section is 1600mAh. We have a battery capacity is called 1B, 1C see is a logical concept, the same 1C, are not equal.

During loading, the load current is less than 0.1C, we called the trickle charge. As its name implies, refers to the current very low. In general, the burden of maintaining the battery can be comprehensive without harming the battery, but the trickle charge to use the time spent far too long, so rarely used alone, but rather, and other pricing methods used in combination.

0.1C, 0.2C charge current between the two, we called the trickle charge. Load current is greater than 0.2C is less than 0.8c is a fast charge. When the load current is greater than 0.8c, we call it super-fast loading.

Precisely because the concept of 1C is a logical rather than absolute values, therefore, according to 1C slow conversion of the fast charge is a charge of relative value. Mentioned in the previous example 200mA charging current for Dell Inspiron 1420 battery 1200mAh fills slowly, but it is for the 700mAH battery fast charge.

Aware of the concept of fast and slow filling, we also need to understand the situation charger can charge the battery properly. Charger on the market can be divided into two types of constant current charger and automatic battery charger

2, constant current charger

Constant current charger is the most common chargers, nickel-cadmium batteries of the time we started to use the charger with constant current. Constant current chargers typically use a load current slow, its use is relatively simple, just put the battery in the battery can be charged storage. Note that the calculation of the charging time must be accurate.

The calculation of the charge time has a simple formula: Hour = 1.5C / load current. For example: on the charger 1200mAH hp Pavilion ZE2000 battery charge current of 150mA, then the time to 1800mAH/150mA equal to 12 hours. Of course, in many cases can not be calculated exactly the time we can choose the nearest half an hour to facilitate the chronograph. For example: charger current 160mA, right 1400mAH battery charging, then time for 2100mAH/160mA about 13 hours, instead of calculating the points.

Construction of a simple constant current charger, labor stability, is a good way to charge little effect on battery life. But it also has its limitations, we must first calculate the time, while nickel-metal hydride batteries with a capacity for growth, the constancy of the time course load required for longer and longer, the use of ’cause a number of drawbacks. Thus, in recent years, rapid charger system is also very popular

3 autoloader and quick

Fast automatic charger in these two years are always better received, he has the speed of loading, security and so on. But there are also some people have doubts about this because of the fast chargers are essentially using current fast charge to charge, the impact of these people will be scared about the life of the sony VGP-BPS5 battery. So the current situation?

Firstly need to be sure that the current charging high impact on the life of the battery is very low, and in many cases, we use fast charge and even ultra-fast load, the current load can sometimes reach 2C or higher. Mainstream is not a killer battery, the real impact on battery life is the heat capacity at high current generated during charging.

We charge the battery when using the nominal voltage above the battery voltage to make, but the battery itself, the load current produces a back EMF, it is part of the current to compensate the the back-EMF and in vain for power and transformed into heat. When the load current is larger, more electrical energy is converted into heat, charging the higher temperature. Too high a temperature on rechargeable batteries is harmful, and a slow charger with constant current, because it is slow charging, the heat generated within the control box, so no need to take special measures. But in the ADF rapidly using a fast charge current will generate high temperatures. Therefore, currently available rapid charger automatically have adopted various methods to reduce the load when the temperature, typically using the cosine law is not a constant current load, but it has intensity current wave of cosines The changes that will reduce heat buildup, thus controlling the temperature within a certain range. Since this type of charger is no longer using the constant load current, charger current is constant in the past, a clear distinction between

To use the quick charger Another problem is that when the charging time is counted if you forget to stop after charging damage the toshiba PA3284U-1BRS battery charger to be much larger than the current slow constant overload resulting damage. Therefore, to solve the problem of overload, voltage fast charger is generally used as the France and other methods to determine the slope to determine if the battery is nearly full, these chargers are used to control the circuit, or IC chip to perform this task. When the battery is almost full, the control circuit will automatically slow charge mode, trickle charge the battery. Used trickle charge current of the battery on the advantages are obvious, the one mentioned above, can trickle charge the battery charge very complete, followed by anxiety billing question, if the maximum use of chargers such advantage n is not obliged to go computing time. The specific use to consult the manual for instructions specific to avoid improper operation.

It is a branch of the fast charger is ultra-fast charger, line battery charger applications of these small, design, structure and processes are very complex, so the prices are quite expensive.

On special occasions, people need in a time short of a good rechargeable apple M8403 battery, which requires the use of ultra-high speed charger. As the ultra-fast charger requires a lot of load current, and some have even used the 2C-3C load current, the heating problem is particularly serious, just by using the cosine wave accusation is not enough, both of these chargers adopted a cosine wave in the post – Insert a landfill very short this approach. This approach can reduce the back-EMF due to the consumption charge current generated by the accumulation of heat, so an additional control of temperature.

4, discharge

Were introduced to a memory effect of rechargeable batteries, we also know that when the memory effect gradually accumulated, would be the actual use of the battery capacity has dropped significantly. To reduce the memory effect caused by the negative role of an effective discharge. In general, nickel-cadmium batteries because of the memory effect most obvious, it is recommended to use 5-10 times after repeated charge for a discharge, while nickel-metal hydride memory effect of batteries must be better, you can charge made after the use of 20-30 times per discharge.

On the market a number of high-end loader to carry out their functions, but the vast majority of feeder medium and low Aspire 3000 battery is impossible to perform functions, then how can we do? To understand the principles of the landfill, we can also try to have the battery discharge.

We already know that nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery nominal voltage is 1.2V, but in fact, the battery voltage is a change of values, the adequacy of electricity around the volatility of 1.2 V or more. Generally fluctuated between 1V-1.4V, different brands of batteries vary in regularity, the fluctuation of voltage is not fully consistent with

Discharge the battery is to use a low current discharge, the battery voltage falls slowly to 0.9V-1V between the discharge should stop. Not recommended under the discharge of the battery of 0.9V, it will cause excessive discharge, the battery is not irreversible damage, said on a rechargeable battery is not suitable for use in appliances to the remote, because the use of the remote being very low for a long period of the remote is easy to use cause an excessive discharge. Following a performance of the VGP-BPS9A/B battery, you’ll be pleasantly surprised to find the battery capacity has recovered its original level, so when the battery capacity has been found to decline, it is preferable to a landfill.

His discharge the battery so there is easy way to make a small bead like electric charge, but you must use the meter to monitor voltage changes, to avoid excessive discharge.

For the shipper to choose the shipper to choose fast or slow charger with constant current, which depends mainly on the orientation of their own use. Such as the frequent use of digital cameras and other equipment from a friend, you should choose a quick charger, to meet time requirements, and even ultra-fast charger, you can buy, but only the use of portable devices listening as a friend, a constant current charger will be able to meet the needs of

In controlling the correct charge and knowledge of the landfill, everything will be better able to use their own rechargeable batteries. Please do not adhere rigidly to a fast charge.

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., the world’s largest battery manufacturer, has at least two customers lithium-ion battery powered plug-in hybrid cars won, an official said.

The company will begin a cell vehicle, including the Japanese auto manufacturers and overseas, as in the second half of 2011, “the head of the mesenchymal Sanyo Dell Inspiron E1705 battery group, yesterday in an interview that the company is in Osaka, western Japan Headquarters. Honma no fixed customers.

The latest electronics manufacturer Matsushita acquisition is to accelerate the development of lithium-ion battery plug-in hybrid vehicle in the expected growth in demand for vehicles and reduced emissions. The company estimates that global sales of hybrid cells using lithium-ion battery, which will increase to 2 million in the year 2015 7.48 million in 2020.

“Lithium-ion batteries used in cars to a winner on the rapidly growing market, Sanyo has been paid, the core of the corporate strategy,” said Nobuo Kurahashi, an analyst at Mizuho Investors Securities in Tokyo. “Such an agreement is a very positive development.”

Most hybrid cars currently use nickel-metal hydride VGP-BPS10A batteries, and automobile manufacturers are trying to develop plug in models and electric vehicles using lithium-ion batteries are lighter and stronger, but they were more expensive than the models Nickel metal hydride.

Sanyo fell 1.9 percentage points to ¥ 156 from 11 clock trading break in Tokyo Stock Exchange to expand its dropped to 6 percent this year. The Nikkei 225 index fell 0.2 percent today.

Toyota, General Motors Hybrid

To build Toyota Motor Corporation, manufacturer of the automotive world’s most popular hybrid, Prius, plans, a model of the plug-in retail customers in 2012. General Motors Corp. is planning a 60,000 Chevrolet Volt plug-in electric vehicles than a year in November 2010 to build.

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. plans to offer lithium-ion battery powered plug-in hybrid vehicles in Toyota, Japan’s Asahi Shimbun, 21 October, there is no doubt where she received the information. Honma Hideaki Toyota spokesman today refused to confirm or deny that Sanyo’s suppliers.

Worldwide sales of lithium-ion VGP-BPS9A/B batteries to 2.0 billion yen (230 billion U.S. dollars to achieve) in 2020 to ¥ 84,000,000,000, in 2008, estimates the demand for fuel cells in electric vehicles and hybrid cars, Daiwa Institute of Research, used in January. Lithium-ion batteries can be more than the nickel-metal hydride batteries in the car market in 2014 or so, says the researcher.

The future is plug-in

Plug-in hybrids will be the engine of growth pattern of low-emission vehicles in the years to fully develop the new technology batteries, motor vehicles and charging stations by power driven, said Honma. “Around 80 to 90 percent of environmentally friendly vehicles in 2020 will likely be either male or mixed.”

Sanyo can make any 300000-400000 per month if these cells in 2011, began with the production of its new nuclear power plant under construction Kasai said Hyogo Prefecture, western Japan, among these, in October.

Battery manufacturers are planning to build factories in Europe, China and the United States in 2012 began producing car VGP-BPS9/B battery module, the international told a press conference in October.

Sanyo production of vehicle in Japan, to reduce transportation costs, the battery plant foreign auto plants in the vicinity.

Prices declined slightly since

Average cost reduction for lithium-ion batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles by half by 2014, research organizations, economic groups, “said Fuji, 6 November. The technological development and mass production can reduce costs in the global market for lithium-ion vehicles to 2.25 million yen in 2014 until 2, 5 billion yen this year, according to researchers.

Automobile manufacturers such as Mitsubishi Motors Corp. The goal is to reduce the purchase price of electric vehicles in order to stimulate demand.

Nissan CEO Carlos Ghosn says electric car in August will be provided by at least 10 percent of global demand by 2020, which include the cost of oil more than $ 70 per barrel. Nissan will start selling electric cars in the next year to leave.

Sony negotiated supply “several companies” with lithium-ion battery car, Executive Vice President Hiroshi Yoshioka said last week refused to identify potential customers. Yoshioka 19th November, said Sony plans ¥100000000000 research and development of rechargeable batteries, electric cars, and invest so on.

“The plan is natural that Sony in this market because of high growth potential type,” said Honma. “With or without competition from Sony in this market, both technical as well as prices will strengthen.”