digital batteries

Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Fellow and doctoral tutor Huang Xue-Jie forecasts and estimated market for lithium-ion batteries will be a gold mine: In 2020, the China power market vehicle battery reaches hundreds billion yuan, market size battery energy storage should be even greater. Inspiron 1501 battery Inspiron 6400 battery

Foreign known for its market research has published a research report noted that while the coming years, world oil prices still hovers in the high state in 2010, cars sold in the U.S. market within 5% — 6% will be hybrid vehicles. Have a bolder prediction says that in 2015 all from the vehicle market to 80% of the market will be dominated by hybrid vehicles. In addition, although currently only 10 vehicle models beginning, but the well-known automotive forecasting agency J. PPOW said that by 2011 there will be at least 35 models of hybrid electric vehicles available to consumers. Since 1997, the first production vehicle to Toyota’s Prius the world’s first hybrid electric vehicle, the company in 1999 Honda introduced the Civic, the European and American companies have been relatively slow step. The advantage of the initiative to make Toyota take the lead at the end of 2005, the Prius sells has accumulated over 45 million vehicles, Toyota, and therefore the market share of the overall hybrid cars nearly 90%. Inspiron E1505 battery Latitude 131L battery

In addition to energy saving fuel economy, environmental benefits of hybrid cars is to make another big advantage. Hybrid vehicles in braking, acceleration, deceleration, we can save a lot of fuel, while reducing urban emissions. Development of electric vehicles, which require high reliability and low cost of batteries, before a round is not the level of battery power, high cost, reliability is poor, manufacturers of electric vehicles do not want to use, battery manufacturers can not sell, not the possible expansion of production scale and the adoption of mass production to improve stability and reliability of product, price Battery remain high, but also not to mention product reliability and stability. And Japan has a mature market, electric vehicles compared to previous years, China is the driving force of the industry is facing a very difficult. But even the Chinese market for electric bicycles in the lithium-ion battery development industry has brought unexpected opportunity. “Each year, more than 20 million units of electric bicycles sold in the industry of electric vehicle is a huge boost.” Huang Xue-Jie said, “there are more people to electric bicycle, the battery on the support of industry, an increase in product demand, production and technology became more sophisticated, the magnitude of More and more industrial, stability and reliability will be greatly improved, the cost will come down very quickly.”Huang Xue-Jie joked:” China’s four-wheel Electric cars to two-wheeled electric bike carry the past. Path of Japan’s development of electric vehicles have a strong technology base and market support, and we can count on the market two wheels to move to four wheels with the standard PC764 Y9943 battery.

1 may be supported by the fact that, with mass production of battery electric bike, Suzhou Constant Star Power Co., Ltd. High-power stability of the HEV lithium-ion has gradually improved in 2006, when They are equipped with satellite Constant 15-Year Li-Ion battery fuel cell hybrid electric cars, “beyond the 3″ held in Paris in France Race Challenge Bibendum in the seven projects have received 4A2B assessment outstanding achievement at the end of term last year model has been more than 20,000 miles.

Vehicle Power Lithium-ion battery industrialization is a long process, after 11 years of development, China became the second to the Japanese small-scale lithium-ion producing country in the coming years, the small industry of battery scale Japan will transfer over to China, automotive lithium-ion battery development and other high-end products, not only the development of automotive electrical needs of China, will also bring China Lithium ion industry upgrade complete technology. Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Office, Xue-Jie Huang look to the future with confidence: “Hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will be the future of the ordinary. It is anticipated that by 2020, over 50% of cars will be hybrids or electric cars. ” Vostro 1000 battery Inspiron 510m battery

The last two years, Constant Star annual research on automotive battery and development investments in more than 2000 million euros. “Our electric vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles in coming years should have a rapid development of breakthrough technology related to electric hybrid vehicles in China in preparation for maximum power Lithium-ion support is indeed a happy people do.”Wong Hok-Chieh. Based on solar, wind, geothermal, ocean energy from these renewable energy power plants need energy from the battery energy storage to achieve a stable production at the same time , peak energy widely distributed electric vehicles and emergency power supply is also an urgent need for long battery life, based on economic development and the use of guests to examine the storage capacity of ‘Energy monomer battery usually more than 100 Ah, manganese oxide lithium can not satisfy such a large battery of safety requirements, “15″ and the “eleventh five” year period, the regime 863 on the energy storage of key materials for lithium-ion research and development in the layout, Physics, HUANG Xue-Jie-group research conducted since 2001 that the absorption of other new types of cathode material lithium iron phosphate for the study of 863 subjects developed a high conductivity of oxygen vacancies of lithium iron phosphate. Lithium iron phosphate cathode materials such as thermal stability, high phosphate and lithium de-embedding process of integration of a small volume change of the basic cycle of longer life battery. “Eleventh five Year period HUANG Xue-Hong Jie Li and his colleagues have been conducted by researchers assume a new type of cathode material and nano-systems phosphate anode material.”expected by 2010, China’s lithium-ion battery storage equipment enter into industrial production, we have to do to produce a generation of develop a generation of a goal for the near future reserve generation can do. “Wong Hok-Chieh. Inspiron 600m battery Latitude D500 battery

In the rechargeable battery (battery or batteries chemical physics) the use of process, the charger is an important device to use its success, so was born a rechargeable Sony VGP-BPS2B Sony VGP-BPS2C battery, charger is a key issue because the charger will have a direct impact on the battery The two major technical indicators: 1) the capacity of rechargeable batteries, 2) recycling of rechargeable batteries once, that’s life. Until the sixties, however, before the technology of the shipper and the rapid development has not been widely used in the method is mainly driven by constant current or constant loading method, loading effects are not too good. This state of affairs to the point of sale of the sixties based on a minimum rate of the rechargeable battery in the curves of principles acceptable to the size of the load current decreased exponentially with time according to this rule only after confirmation n is not a voltage constant current or constant load are the most appropriate method. Because the load current constant, its initial charge current is always lower than the acceptability of the battery, resulting in low efficiency of charging, charge a long time, and charging the latter part of the Final battery charging current is always higher than the acceptable level, the internal gas deposit rate of the battery and thereby increasing the load to the end, while the supply current load of gas, all the precipitation, the battery Internal voltage increased rapidly, the battery temperature rose quickly followed, resulting in each active electrode supported on both fall and greatly reduces battery life, while the constant voltage charging method of load resulting in a very low initial resistance of the load current of the battery is too great, but time does not decrease exponentially (often depart from the curve of development). XPS M170 battery XPS M1710 battery

Research Laboratory under the load curves, but also by the so-called two times, three or more load time. The so-called two stage battery charging: the first current to constant voltage or constant load when the battery voltage reaches a certain level and then trickle charge the battery: the so-called three-step is usually the first line constant at the battery is to let the battery voltage after reaching this threshold in the second phase, the voltage is called the maximum load stage, when the load current to a low degree of transformation a third phase. The tax known limitation of pressure. In addition, because the need for a practical application, often also want to quickly charge the battery. Assign the quick charger battery charge There are two important factors: First, the bias voltage: 2 is the memory effect, in which the bias voltage is in the charging process, the accumulated charge at the electrodes cells require voltage generated, only obvious pairs increase the internal resistance of the battery on the effective way to eliminate its negative pulse method is used at both ends of the instantaneous flow from the battery to remove the accumulation of charge on the electrodes. And thus produces a pulse charging method: all batteries have a memory effect, you can repeatedly charge and discharge can be removed. These two effects should be attention charge controller design.

In fact, the controller is responsible to take leaps and bounds in recent years, developing a clear sign that most manufacturers of semiconductors in the world are shipping own charger chip, and in some cases also with CPU (ie CPU). Satellite M45 battery Satellite M50 battery

In summary, although there are a variety of pricing methods, but also have some effect, but has largely neglected an important fact that rechargeable batteries do not work in the ideal state, each cell has its own personality. Rather each has its own rechargeable batteries are different from other dry or even the battery charge and discharge the same curve, the curve even in the process of dynamic load as complete, which means that a good model for load control must be a change, and should be in charge of the battery and the discharge curve is the best. Indeed, each cell of the load at any time there is always an optimum charge current and charge mode, the question is how we can approach the halo of good value. Here are some good intelligent adaptive control methods for rapid control of the idea of charging electric Qin points.

1. Methods of control of the whole:

Use positive and negative (including the pulse O) pulses as the battery charge and control the discharge waveforms, including positive pulses to the pulse load, negative pulse to pulse discharge inter-dependent O pulse and pulse discharge between the charge and discharge the resting stage. In fact, the above three types of impulse control later in the process of speech may have a duration of Bears O, for example, pulse O negative pulse and the time period too, the overall control of the simulation waveform of pressure limiting charge mode: while the specific combination of pulse shapes can also simulate the constant current charging and so on. In short, in adjusting the waveform to simulate almost all waveforms and load mode; Latitude D830 battery Y9943

2. Acquisition information:

In this method, the information collected includes: positive pulse during the charging current size and time change: negative pulse during the discharge current and its variation with time: the battery temperature and its variation with Over time, the battery voltage and its variation over time. This information is used for the study and control of documents first-hand, through their analysis to estimate the strength of the internal battery and calculate the cell in which it stands, etc.;

3. Is full of judgment rule:

On the charge if the battery is charging process has been full of judgments is an important indicator of the charger if the battery is not full of wrongfully convicted for the entire result in less battery charge, which in turn cause Battery overload, both conditions are right on the battery life has a significant impact.

Taken together, the judge rules in the following categories:

● control timing;

● control voltage (voltage with a maximum increment of negative voltage and zero-voltage increment, etc.);

●Temperature Control (including maximum temperature, maximum temperature: rate of temperature change, etc.); A1045 PowerBook G4 15 battery

● current control.

A better approach is to adopt an integrated approach to determine, for each indicator to monitor in accordance with the principles of fuzzy mathematics score, respectively, in accordance with the degree of trust to make the best decisions.

The characteristics of this method are described below:

1. Charging technology can dynamically adjust the parameters for adjusting the value of the pulse charging, the battery charge curve and the curve of the current battery charge and discharge the same, because the curve is changed, if pulse load is constantly changing and adjusting;

2. To end the pricing strategy possible under the circumstances, under the principle of fuzzy math, chargers specific characteristics of stability and reliability, so that the load is not judicial error, which improves considerably the reliability of the shipper?

3. This technology does not require the type of battery, which means that this technology can be simultaneously charging lead, cadmium, nickel, zinc, silver, nickel-metal hydride or lithium, and the perceived effects are not due the cell type vary; ThinkPad T43 battery ThinkPad T60 battery

4. In addition, this technology also has the current requirements of the battery, as long as the battery does not short-circuit or open circuit may be normal for recharging the battery, so this technology can also reduce burden on Battery performance of recovery or healing function;

5. Because the law of adaptive control of the battery without injury, and more on the 4 points above, this technology extends battery life.

Actual civil Ni-MH battery charging method, because, taking into account the cost, portability, reliability requirements, most of them still use sub-Constant current charge mode control.

On how to make electric cars have autonomous, there are many suggested, I would like to explore, and we hope that we can say a few words after reading the reviews to see if I am talking about the existence of some reason, good or bad.

Some people say it should be modified for use with the filling, regardless of the number to maintain a daily charge

Some people say it should be used almost re-load, and it is almost! Some say that 50% to 60%, with some saying that 70% -80%, in the end how far, nobody seems conclusive.

Who should we listen?! ! !

Another said the road conditions that the experience of more Daoudi climbing or poor, when leaving the implementation to reduce the discharge current of the VGP-BPS8A battery large, easy to damage the battery. Personally, I think it is not necessary for example! The car came with, is to go around, not to drive people. Moreover, even if the true face of this situation, as you control the improvement of the current size is not controlled by you!?

The following is taken from the network, a number of ways: (red for me to add their own, with or without cause, to your own judge) Subsequently, I will be in the final summing up of other ways you, I am committed to this line of 5 years, believe it or not for people.

1, it should not replace the charger, do not remove the controller, the speed limit.

Chargers each manufacturer are generally individualized demand, not sure that the charger should not be changed arbitrarily. If the mileage requirement for the renewal of a longer trip, you must charge in order to off-site and equipped with multiple shippers, put the charger in the day to charge up the apple A1185 battery charger used to add another while the first wife of charger used at night. Remove the limit of processing speed, although speed may increase the number of vehicles in addition to the safety of vehicles will reduce outside reduces the battery life.

Cons battery charger, and nothing to do with any other component, as long as you use the parameters of a battery charger and the parameters required by consistent for the Chargers and what relationship, we can first select a time yielded good Charger (for example, with a negative pulse, temperature compensation, time limited protection, etc.) is not necessarily the original stuff is better, of course, I have not the excluding all but certain individual Bale. To speed limit this problem, if the above makes sense, but I do not fully support because I use the models of electric bikes Wuyang, 500W power, I have no speed limits, speed is often open to the fastest (up to 50 KM / H), but I use the battery, then a month for two years. Now’s kinda easy to use, but also twenty or thirty miles. (I have my own method of use and cycling, which said I had to do this trip, but I would like to share the back of)

Why a good charger can extend the battery life?

To extend VGP-BPS10B battery life, more habits and riding a charger quality of the battery, plus the quality is good or bad. On the one hand, if the battery is simple in principle, but has its own fresh discharge performance characteristics (part of the charge and discharge processes are taking place in a complex physical and chemical changes), and only compatible with this method of pricing, and repair the charger with pulse can be truly meaningful to prolong battery life, the other hand, chargers and battery chargers together almost every day, not in accordance with feeder lines battery, this means that the battery is “the killer pillow,” “slow poison”, overload or under load will be long “term poisoning ‘of battery, a long time, prone to water loss, affect the deformation bulge the normal life of a battery problem, which is the industry has often said that the battery “is not used or wrong, is filled with bad argument”.

2, protecting the Chargers.

Manual of Policy for the protection of both the shipper’s description above. Many users do not have the habit of looking statement, often out of the question after he came to find manual to see, too late, then look at the manual is very necessary. To reduce costs, the charger current essentially made no high-vibration resistant design, so that shippers generally do not put your electric bike in the trunk and the car. Special circumstances, we must move forward, we also need the charger supplied with foam to prevent vibration bumps. After a lot of vibration through the charger, its internal potentiometer will drift, which makes the whole drift parameter, resulting in an abnormal state of charge. Also noteworthy is the charge when the hp PB991A battery charger to maintain ventilation, otherwise not only affect the life of charger may also be affected by the thermal drift has produced the state of charge. This training will damage the battery. Therefore, to protect the battery charger is also very important.

Plus I do not judge, but they would add is preferable not to board charger, because the quality of vibration inside the Council to make relatively large components such as transformers, capacitors, high power transistor, FET adjustable potentiometer so cowardly took place, resulting in the parameters of the charger drift, or even damaged. But too tight, electronics is something similar – fear of water.

3 daily charge.

Even if your skill needs for the renewal of lines not long in charge of a battery can be used 2-3 days, but it is recommended to charge a daily basis, so that the battery in a state circular shallow, the battery life will be prolonged. Some of the early use of mobile phone users thinks the best is the basic use of the battery charging is completed, this idea is false, the memory performance of lead acid battery is not so strong. End of regular exercise impact Dell Y9943 battery life of power is relatively large. Most of the direction indicator light changes charger after full charge recharges the battery to power in May of 97% ~ 99%. While the charge is due only 1% ~ 3% of electricity lines on the continued ability of these effects are almost negligible, but it will also occur due to the accumulation of charge if the battery is fully charged, after changing the lights, or floating charge as much as possible to continue to contain sulfide battery is also be beneficial.

If you want to use more battery power, then, do not ask every day! Electric cars recharge the battery should not be frequent, because the battery charge and discharge cycle is certainly several times, usually in 300 or more, often to charge the battery will increase battery cathode active material for soften the edge of falling will result in accelerated grid corrosion. Each time you conjure, which is equivalent to reduce your battery life, if manufacturers or distributors, they say, because it can do, the battery could practically have the warranty period, the Life expectancy is almost over a month or two, two three months away. Should be used in almost re-load, of course, can not be too long, you said that I was sitting too low, 10 days and half a charge that does not, in general, we should charge a maximum of 23 days. Unless you think you are using the remaining capacity is not enough. To see how almost better behind the summary.

4, a charge timely.

After the 40Y6797 battery discharge process of healing began in the 12 hours before departure, there is a clear cure. In due course load, you can remove the sulfide is not serious, if not promptly charged, these crystal paperweight will gradually accumulated to form crystals of thickness, the average of those bulky chargers crystallization is impotent, and will gradually decline in battery capacity and reduce the life of the battery. Therefore, in addition to charging every day outside, but also noted that the use should be ended as soon as possible after charging, battery power as much as possible in a full state.

Charging time is also considered bar not entirely wrong, someone may ask, do not you have mentioned above, almost did not want to use? In fact, no contradiction, that is, if you can, you’re used to remember that, after almost a payload, whether or not we should charge a timely manner. And I mean both “non-recurring charge is not really a burden in time. The best half an hour to sit for an hour after the load (or battery capacity does not disintegrate may be an exception). Why? compatibility of the error because the problem of factory batteries / long used (with history of tension, a large load, etc.) / load reasons (not the law of charge ), so the imbalance between different cells, which is a group of cells that had point undervoltage protection already at 10.5 or less, while others were pricey Tingduo voltage electricity. If the point charge, charge in electricity is the same, but when used makes the difference due to the time of unequal power and even intensified. finally led to a period less than the normal BATCL50L battery is too low cure serious damage. If you put aside for 0.5-1 hours, then charge the battery will gradually establish a balance of power (that is, you will see that after each use to stop gauges fuel rises yet), though the problems quickly by this method on the battery still have some repair work. However, a better way to address this problem are: the repair of a separate charge. If you find that your mileage is less than 70% of lines were added in the case of the exclusion of other issues, you can test the capacity of the battery meter and repair problems with the battery, you can greatly extend the lifespan battery.

5, periodic deep discharge.

The battery on a regular basis to conduct a deep discharge is also conducive to “active” batteries, you can slightly increase the battery capacity. The general approach is to periodically conduct a fully discharged battery. Fully discharge method is a flat surface under conditions of cycling normal load protection Undervoltage first. Note that we have focused on protecting the first time under tension. Battery protection under-voltage in the first after the battery over time, the tension will increase, but also to make a non-state voltage, this time, if the re-use batteries, the battery would seriously injured. After completion of completely discharged, the battery is fully charged. Feel the battery capacity has improved.

It was just, but are not intended to be the first time then. Remember to “load time”, while the cycle, since long, see the summary.

6, to develop good savings habits.

Whenever possible, the use of slides. The slope, where the use of technology as slippery as possible slowdown. When the fire in the next meeting early entry into the taxi, to minimize braking. A friend told me he was ready to be transferred once a bay must be reduced once the brakes, it is justified. Start time, the best help reach the turn can not only improve the startup speed, but may also reduce the battery life of power loss and damage.

The car driving the process should not begin to be frequent braking because the brake and then start the vehicle over, especially in the early hours of the mainstream, in a period of free time is equivalent to restrictions size value

7, pay attention to the pricing environment.

Charging the best environment temperature is 25 ℃. Most shippers are not adapted to the temperature control system automatically, so the majority of shippers are designed according to the ambient temperature 25 ℃, then the load at 25 ℃ under the conditions better. Otherwise, it is inevitable that winter and summer due to off-load problem free. The ambient temperature at 25 ℃, when the real is relatively small, so there must have been winter because of the statement of the problem of overloading. Fortunately, most families now have the conditions of indoor thermostat, so that charge, the best settings for VGP-BPS10 battery and charger and the thermostat in a well ventilated place. Special note is the battery in the northern state of winter outdoors in the room temperature when the hot surface of the battery is frozen gel. To avoid battery leakage caused by freezing freeze if the battery temperature increases to room temperature to near dried with a charge later.

Note: The battery charge voltage and ambient temperature is inversely proportional to the relationship between

8, make full use of the state of maintenance

Many dealers can supply electric bicycle battery maintenance and repair services, should take full advantage of these services. Some brands of electric bikes is the maintenance of the battery. Such as regular maintenance of batteries can reduce damage to the battery. The battery state of charge of the repair can alleviate the battery “back” of failure, which is equipped with a capacity to maintain the dealer is easy. For dehydration, the battery capacity of 70% capacity recharge battery to 40% of the time when the effect of replenishment of better quality. And even some brands are also available: the deadline will not repair equivalent to waive the warranty period the battery. In order that consumers should not have gone through this loss. Therefore, consumers should be fully used to expand the conditions for maintaining the VGP-BPS9/S battery to increase the lifespan of the battery.

With these methods, the user can greatly extend the battery life. Some users of the continuous line mileage relatively short, the battery life is relatively long, some problems are relatively difficult to detect. Accordingly, Article 4 says the landfill “profound” measures to detect the problem of the battery are also an effective way, not a serious problem, as when the battery is difficult to treat.